Marketting mix on coca cola Essay Example

Marketting blend on coca cola Paper The administrations promoting blend is additionally called the ups and incorporates the option of procedure, individuals and physical proof. 3. Ups of Neurotransmitter: Product implies the merchandise and enterprises blend the organization offer to the objective racket. Value: Price is the measure of cash client must compensation to get the item. 4. Ups of Marketplace: Place incorporates organization exercises that make the item accessible to target clients. Advancement: Promotion implies exercises that convey the benefits of item and convince target clients to get it. 5. ACS of Marketings is additionally significant for advertising blend. The four CSS incorporates O Customer Solutions Customer Cost Convenience Communication 6. Coca Cola Founded in drink concentrates and syrups, used to create in excess of 230 refreshment brands. The corporate base camp are in Atlanta, with neighborhood tasks in about 200 nations around the globe. The Coca Cola Company is an innovator in the cokes business, with a large number of representatives and workplaces in the whole world, making it an emporium of drinks. 7. Vision Mission The Coca-Cola Company vision proclamation is to be the pioneer in the refreshments business. The companys principle objective is to continue being number one selling coke on the planet and to build their livelihoods, a similar way they have done in their previous years. 8. Qualities The items that this organization produces are difficult to duplicate. These items have included worth The nature of the items arrives at best expectations Is an innovator in the business Is known in all the world 9. Advertising Mix of Coca Collateralized Product: The Coca-Cola Companys items incorporate refreshment concentrates and syrups, with the primary item being done drinks. We will compose a custom exposition test on Marketting blend on coca cola explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Marketting blend on coca cola explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Marketting blend on coca cola explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The business has more than 300 brands of refreshments around the globe with the primary ones being Coke, Fauna, Lift, Sprite, and Powered. Diverse Price: The costs of Coca-colas items shift as indicated by the brand and the size. Each sub-brand of coca cola has distinctive evaluating methodology. Their hustling methodology depends on the contenders estimating, Pepsi is the immediate contender to coke. 10. Advertising Mix of Coca Collaborationist Activities: The Coca-Cola Company sells its items by packaging and canning tasks. The merchants arrived at the coke to the wholesalers and the wholesalers arrived at it to retailers. What's more, finally the clients purchase coca cola from retailer shop. Advancement Activities: Advertising The Coca-Cola Company utilizes publicizing as its fundamental wellspring of expanding shopper mindfulness. It primarily utilizes the TV. There are numerous TV ads on Coca-Cola items. This source permits the companys items to contact a huge crowd. 11. Coca-Cola in Evenhandedness-Cola is the most mainstream and greatest selling soda demanding, just as the most popular item on the planet. Cochlea is the most established brand in Bangladesh. From the last 50 yearbooks cola has been showcasing its items through electroencephalograms of Bangladesh. Be that as it may, presently it is promoted Abdul Money Limited. It showcased coca cola under power of the coca cola organization, USA and circulates central Cola, Sprite and Fauna in Bangladesh. 12. Advertising blend of Coca Cola in Bangladesh:product: Coca Cola offers two efferent sweet and enhanced cola in our nation. This is ordinary cola and another is slimming down Cola. Coca Cola doesn't much of the time change its taste. It has numerous dietary benefits like Pepsi. It serves diverse sort of refreshment like Sprite, Fauna, and so on. Value: Coca Cola Bangladesh Limited consistently attempts to keep a standard cost. It likewise offers limited time limits, recompenses, credit terms and installment period for the stores and Restaurants. Coca Cola, besides, offers limits in a family size jug as often as possible. To thing shopper purchasing power the coca cola organization make efferent kinds of can for our nations individuals, with the goal that they can without much of a stretch get it. 13. Showcasing blend of Coca Cola in Bangladesh:place: Coca Cola Bangladesh Limited has a solid circulation channel to convey their Coca Cola. They make Coca Cola simple to get and accessible to the client wherever through their master merchants channel. Their vehicle offices, channels of dissemination, inclusion region, and so on. Are kept up safely. Advancement: Coca cola burns through a great many dollar for and shading to promote. Coca Cola makes deals advancement, promoting, power selling, advertising, direct showcasing, and so forth. Some of the time nearby and global games introduced by the assistance of coca cola Bangladesh Ltd. 14. Summarys Cola now a brand all around the word. Consistently they advance their market each side of the world. In excess of 60 percent soda pops preferred individuals like coca cola. They have various types of items like Coke, Sprite, Fauna, Lift and so forth. They generally attempt to give their item low cost with various bundling. As it is a soda, Coca-Cola Company follows Intensive Distribution. It is discovered pretty much wherever in Bangladesh. Regarding advancements they utilize Emotional Appeal.

It Has Been Said That Camus ...was Haunted With The Notion That Our Wo

It has been said that Camus '...was frequented with the idea that our reality is a universe which has a bad situation for us, wherein our life has neither rhyme nor reason... The Stranger mirrors this way of thinking in a heap of ways. Mr. Meursalt is the fundamental character. He appears to live in his own reality, associating with others, yet not thinking too profoundly about what occurs in his life. For instance, when his mom passed on, his considerations were, Mother kicked the bucket today. Or then again, perhaps yesterday; I can't be certain (Pp. 1) He didn't have any outrageous emotions about her demise; he simply acknowledged it and concluded that is was what should occur. He kept himself occupied with entertaining himself with familiar luxuries like smoking, drinking, and sex. His better half, Marie, needed him to wed her, and his answer was that on the off chance that she needed to get hitched they would. His appearance about it were, Marie came that night and inquired as to whether I'd wed her. I said I wouldn't fret; on the off chance that she was excited about it, we'd get hitched. (Pp. 52) He didn't appear to mind one way or the other. His life was brimming with existentialism, for he accepted that life simply occurred, nothing you could do would change the future, and that everything occurred which is as it should be. At a few sections in the book, Meursalt watches his neighbor strolling his canine. Salamano would beat his canine, it would run ahead, and the man would beat and swear at it once more. Ordinary it was something very similar. At some point, Meursalt went over Salamano in the corridor. Salamano was all distressed on the grounds that his pooch fled. Meursalt couldn't comprehend this way of thinking since he thought the man abhorred his canine. For what reason would he be stressed over it? Toward the finish of the story when Meursalt would have been executed, he considered his destiny. He appeared to remove joy from the idea of everybody yelling at him with all the harshness and loathe that had developed within them. Simultaneously, he didn't appear to stress an excess of that he was going to. He wouldn't see the minister before his execution since he felt that he had done nothing incorrectly when he shot a blameless man in the road. List of sources The Stranger

The effects of ergonomics, health and safety on productivity in hotels Dissertation

The impacts of ergonomics, wellbeing and security on profitability in lodgings - Dissertation Example The current financial atmosphere in Ireland presents numerous difficulties for organizations substances in the nation. Many have needed to decrease costs radically. Perhaps the greatest expense for any business is staffing and a decrease in staff numbers has become the fundamental measures for reducing expenses. With a diminished number of representatives and a bigger remaining task at hand, a significant level of work profitability is fundamental. Some may contend that the degree of efficiency from a worker relies upon their demeanor towards the activity, the activity rewards, and the manner by which a supervisor spurs the representative, all of which have been demonstrated to be valid. In any case, today, managers are feeling the squeeze to guarantee that most extreme degree of profitability is accomplished which requires finding better approaches to accomplish this. Fraser, 1994, makes a point that the degree of work profitability relies upon essential human capacities, improved b y instruction, preparing, choice, and bearing. Instruction and preparing change an individual’s essential capacities into abilities. Choice and heading guarantee that these abilities are coordinated to the most fitting assignments. Be that as it may, if the assignments, the workplace and employment factors are not fit to the laborer, the subsequent confuse can prompt poor work quality, specialist weariness, and diminished efficiency. Generally, ventures concentrating on the improvement of workplace depended on vitality sparing. ... Efficiency can be characterized as â€Å"output to the work hours utilized in the creation of that output† (Bureau of Labor Statistics). In increasingly disentangled terms, it is an estimation of work created inside a given time. Consideration regarding profitability levels is especially significant in Ireland as the expense of work is exceptionally high in contrast with different nations. Inn directors must guarantee that the high pace of pay is defended. An accentuation on efficiency in inns in the course of recent years with the monetary decay has implied that representatives have needed to work more diligently and a few representatives have lost their positions. An article by James R. Earthy colored of Cornell University recommends that a lodging's size, its administration direction, its proprietorship game plan, and its administration course of action influence efficiency. His examination likewise found that enormous lodgings utilize their work all the more profitably and produce the most salary from their capital speculations. Upscale inns are slanted to be more profitable than mid-showcase lodgings, while inns worked by marked administration organizations utilize their capital and work assets more productively than do inns worked autonomously or by free administration organizations. At last, organization claimed properties will in general utilize their work more gainfully than do diversified inns. (Earthy colored, 1999). As of now inns in Ireland are concentrating on lessening work costs while looking after deals. Focusing on the decrease of work costs as a level of deals may accomplish transient profitability targets yet can likewise endanger long haul reasonability because of the disintegration of administration principles. Poor help influences consumer loyalty, which thusly impacts deals and

Musical Theatre Analysis for Pathos and Logos-myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theMusical Theater Analysis for Pathos, Ethos and Logos. Answer: Music communicates what can't be articulated and that which can't stay quiet. The above cited line obviously shows the significance joined to music as the medium to express the incoherent. Music has been essentially observed as a type of amusement for the individuals and furthermore an approach to sit back. Music has been a significant piece of our general public since the antiquated occasions anyway in the ongoing occasions the structure has experienced some quick changes (Taylor 2012). The final product of this is the ascent of the different sorts of melodic theaters which utilize the vehicle of music to portray an exhibition. The current day melodic auditoriums alongside the vehicle of music utilize different gadgets like the utilization of emotion, ethos, logos and different instrumental types of music (Taylor 2012). It is to be noticed that the different melodic performance centers comprises of tune, discourse, move, acting and others (Taylor 2012). P.B. Shelley relevantly characterized the significance of the current day tunes when he said in his acclaim ed tribute To a Skylark, We look prior and then afterward, Also, pine for what isn't: Our sincerest giggling With some agony is laden; Our best melodies are those that recount saddest idea. The idea has been utilized by the different melodic auditoriums to charm the crowds just as to draw in them with their melodic works. As per Friedrich Nietzsche, in his book,Twilight of the Idols, Without music, life would be a mix-up. This paper means to thoroughly analyze two bits of melodic works, to be specific, Les Misrables (1985) and My Fair Lady (1956). My Fair Lady delivered in the year 1956 depended on the renowned play Pygmalion of George Bernard Shaw (McHugh 2012). Alan Jay Lerner composed the verses for this Broadway play and Frederick Loewe did the music sythesis for this piece (Garebian 1998). It is to be noticed that in 1956 this melodic set the precedent for the longest running melodic on Broadway (Garebian 1998). The first play Pygmalion on which this melodic was based, was itself dependent on the antiquated fantasy of Pygmalion (Lerner, Shaw and Loewe 1959). The melodic portrays the change of a young lady named Eliza Doolittle with the assistance of the phonetics master Prof. Henry Higgins. Be that as it may, under this work of transformational story this melodic comprises of a scope of subjects like the liberation of ladies, the faade of the social class and framework and different others (Lerner, Shaw and Loewe 1959). Les Misrables, delivered in the year 1985, depended on the novel of a similar name of Victor Hugo (Grossman and Stephens 2016). Alain Boublil made the first French verses of the melodic though the music was created by Claude-Michel Schnberg (Grossman and Stephens 2016). It is to be noticed that the London creation since the time its dispatch in the year 1985, consequently making it the longest running play of the West End and the second longest-running melodic on the planet after the first Off-Broadway run of The Fantasticks (Grossman and Stephens 2016). The melodic portrays the tale of Jean Valjean, a nineteenth century worker of France who gets captured for taking a portion of bread and needed to serve nineteen years in the jail (Boublil and Kretzmer 2013). In the wake of escaping the jail he chooses to follow a way of reclamation by following an honest way (Boublil and Kretzmer 2013). The first novel just as its melodic creation despite everything stays one of the perfect works of art of present day Literature and Theater. It is to be noticed that both the works My Fair Lady and Les Misrables have a place with the class of melodic theaters. Both the works utilize discoursed, tunes, activity and different other melodic components to pass on their message to the crowd. For instance, Eliza Doolittle in the melodic My Fair Lady sings, Eliza Doolittle: (singing) The downpour in Spain stays predominantly in the plain! Eliza Doolittle: The downpour in Spain stays for the most part in the plain! In the melodic, Les Miserables also there are numerous tunes like On the off chance that I speak, I am censured. On the off chance that I remain quiet, I am cursed! The difference between the two musicals lies essential in the idea of the substance which they depict and furthermore the way where they are being depicted. The melodic My Fair Lady, for instance, is light veined and uses the class of satire to convey its message though the melodic Les Miserables, then again, is an increasingly genuine one and conveys its message utilizing the gadgets of tenderness and logos (Grossman and Stephens 2016). The melodies just as the melodic pieces utilized in the two works are likewise incredibly unique. The melodic piece, My Fair Lady, for instance, utilizes tunes just as instrumental music pieces which had a particular English flavor in them while the tunes and the instrumental melodic pieces utilized in the melodic Les Miserables had an unmistakable European flavor in them (Grossman and Stephens 2016). It is likewise intriguing to take note of that the melodic Les Miserables makes a considerably more articulate utilization of the gadgets of helping, u tilization of room on the stage, ensembles and different others in contrast with the melodic My Fair Lady (McHugh 2012). It is additionally to be noticed that the style of singing and exchange conveyance in My Fair Lady has a cockney flavor to it which is absent in the melodic Les Miserables, in spite of the fact that the focal character of this melodic is a nineteenth century French laborer (McHugh 2012). It is to be noticed that the melodic My Fair Lady is frequently viewed as perhaps the best melodic all things considered. As indicated by an article, Not since Guys and Dolls have all the components of a major melodic creation the stars and the ensemble, the sets and the outfits, the moves and the plot, the tunes and the verses been mixed so guilefully thus charmingly (NY Daily News 2018). The first melodic score of the melodic likewise have been tremendously valued. As per a similar article, With all its additional melodic trappings, My Fair Lady stays unadulterated Shaw (NY Daily News 2018). Along these lines, it tends to be said that the arranger, Frederick Loewe utilizes all the gadgets of music to make this melodic an exceptional one. It is to be noticed that the ambient sounds during the exhibition continues changing keeping in see the progressions on the stage. The Rain in Spain is one of the most mainstream melodies of the melodic My Fair Lady. The tune or the line which the audience follows most intently in this specific melody is The downpour in Spain stays for the most part in the plain!/The downpour in Spain stays predominantly in the plain!. The tune at first beginnings in an ease off volume anyway as the melody continues the tone or the elements of the tune increment keep in see the depiction of the change of the cockney young lady into the Duchess. It is to be noticed that during the whole melody a black out piano plays out of sight keeping in see the changing tone of the tune sung of Eliza. The surface of the melody is regularly supposed to be plain and frequently falls in the classification of cockney music. It is to be noticed that the tune comprises of two segments the first where Eliza is somewhat apprehensive and the second area where she sings certainly. The melodic Les Miserables, then again, has likewise been highly refreshing for its melodic quality. The melodic was at first not very generally welcomed by the crowd. In any case, its unique music hit the correct lines with the individuals. As indicated by an article, Despite the glory of the music, the boldness of the aims, Les Miserables has, unfortunately, been decreased to The Glums (Dominic Cavendish 2018). The writer, Claude-Michel Schonberg visit changes in the style of music just as the instruments in an offer to fuse the mind-set of the people on the scene and furthermore to keep the music in synchronization with the scene. The melody If I speak, I am censured./If I remain quiet, I am doomed! structures a significant piece of the melodic Les Miserables. The tone of the tune is consistent all through. In any case, towards the finish of the piece there a developing of the tone keeping in see the feelings which the artist attempts to depict. It is to be noticed that during the whole tune a foundation piano music plays on the stage. The melody has a worker surface as it is being sung by a French laborer. The melody has an even quality to it. In this way, from the above conversation it turns out to be evident that the two melodic pieces despite the fact that having a place with a similar type of melodic auditorium have a few similitudes just as dissimilarities among them. Be that as it may, the contrasts between them far exceed the similitudes among them. It is to be noticed that each work is one of a kind in its own privilege and subsequently the message or the measure of delight which it looks to convey to its target group can't be coordinated by some other work regardless of how fortunate or unfortunate that work is. References Boublil, A. furthermore, Kretzmer, H., 2013.Les Miserables Selections From The Movie. Shrewd Publications. Garebian, K., 1998.The Making of My Fair Lady. Mosaic Press. Grossman, K.M. furthermore, Stephens, B., 2016. Les Misrables: From Epic Novel to Epic Musical.Gordon and Jubin, The Oxford Handbook of the British Musical. Notes. Lerner, A.J., Shaw, B. furthermore, Loewe, F., 1959.My reasonable woman: a melodic play in two acts dependent on Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw. New American library. McHugh, D., 2012.Loverly: the life and times of My reasonable woman. OUP USA. Shaw, B., 1975.Collected Plays with their prefaces(Vol. 4). Dodd, Mead. Taylor, M., 2012.Musical theater, authenticity and amusement. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. NY Daily News. 2018.My Fair Lady is an eminent, up-to-date melodic: 1956 audit. [online] Available at: https://www.nydailynews.com/amusement/theater-expressions/reasonable woman sublime snazzy melodic 1956-survey article-1.2561573 [Accessed 12 Mar. 2018]. Dominic Cavendish 2018.30 reasons why Les Miserables has kept going 30 years. [online] The Telegraph. Accessible at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theater/what-to-see/30-reasons-why-les-mis-has-endured 30-years/[Accessed 12 Mar. 2018].

2019 Booker Prize Shortlist Announced

2019 Booker Prize Shortlist Announced The  2019 Booker Prize Shortlist  has been  announced! This years shortlist includes six novels that span the globe, with the notable return of two previous winners of the awardâ€"Salman Rushdie, who won in 1981 with Midnights Children, and Margaret Atwood, whose  The Blind Assassin  won in 2000.  First awarded in 1969, the Booker Prize is open  to writers of any nationality writing in English and published in the UK or Ireland.  This years shortlist was selected from 151 submitted books. The winner will be announced October 14. Gaby Wood, Literary Director of the Booker Prize Foundation, writes of the shortlist: “It was hard to watch the judges narrow down their longlist to this shortlist: they were so committed to all 13 of the books they’d chosen just over a month ago that the discussion was intense. Still, these six remain extraordinary: they bring news of different worlds; they carry a wealth of lives and voices; they’re in conversation, in various ways, with other works of literature. I think it’s fair to say that the judges weren’t looking for anything in particularâ€"they entered this process with an open mindâ€"but this is what they found: a set of novels that is political, orchestral, fearless,  felt. And now, by association, those six will be in fruitful conversation with one another.” We are pleased to announce our #BookerPrize2019 shortlist. Watch what our judges had to say about the six selected books. #BookerPrize2019 #FinestFiction #BookLoversDay #shortlist #announcement pic.twitter.com/eq3LdFsohE The Booker Prizes (@TheBookerPrizes) September 3, 2019 2019 Booker Prize Shortlist The Testaments  by Margaret Atwood Ducks, Newburyport  by  Lucy Ellmann Girl, Woman, Other  by  Bernardine Evaristo An Orchestra of Minorities  by  Chigozie Obioma Quichotte  by  Salman Rushdie 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World  by  Elif Shafak The panel of judges for this year’s award include Peter Florence, founder and director of Hay Festival; former fiction publisher and editor Liz Calder; novelist, essayist, and filmmaker Xiaolu Guo; writer and broadcaster  Afua Hirsch; and concert pianist, conductor, and composer Joanna MacGregor. See more of Book Riot’s coverage of the Booker prize here. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Philosophical Writings of Jacques Maritain, Hayek and Dewey - 1375 Words

Philosophical Writings of Jacques Maritain, Hayek and Dewey (Essay Sample) Content: Students NameInstructorCourseDatePhilosophical Writings of Jacques Maritain, Hayek and DeweyIntroductionBased on a number of philosophical studies and reports, it is true that individual society must not aim at conceiving the atomistic nature and the mechanistic patterns of the bourgeois individualism since it involves the destruction of the organic social totality in the society. This was evident after the biological and animal pattern of the statist and racist totalitarian conception that mainly includes the swallowing of the person and reducing an individual into a mere element. Thus, it is worth noting that the community should ensure that people work in order to achieve their goals and objectives in life. Through work and other social activities people are able to gain freedom and liberty in the society. The working relationship among individuals in the society should also include moral values, ethical standards as well as social justice and civil values. The pe ople should enjoy common love and spiritual nourishment based on the viewpoints of Jacques Maritain (Maritain 12).Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to examine and analyze the adequacy of the personalistic political philosophy of Maritain (Man and State) especially in comparison with the liberal individualistic (Constrained) philosophy according to Hayek as well as the liberal socialistic (unconstrained) philosophy according to Dewey. The paper will also include whether the Aristotelian-Thomistic personalism of Maritain philosophical is defensible in nature especially as a distinct alternative or whether it does not collapse into one or the other of the two alternatives. The Maritain viewpoints and perspectives towards Sowells conflict of visions including his perspective on justice, equality or power will also form major discussions in this paper. The shortcomings as well as the merits of these three different ideologies will be discussed in the paper as well.Jacque s Maritain PhilosophiesBased on the analysis of various philosophical studies and reports, it is true and evident that Jacques Maritain was born in late 1882 and he died in late 1973. He was a French philosopher whose aim was to promote common good of all individuals in the society especially based on Catholicism viewpoints and teachings in the society. He wrote many philosophical books and he usually aim at promoting universal human rights in the society. As a philosopher he was mainly interested in various philosophical works dealings with aesthetics, political theory as well as nature of education and metaphysics among many other philosophical works towards science and social values in the society (Jowett 10).Based on his personalistic political philosophy including his views towards the man and the state, it is true that Jacques Maritain advocated for the promotion of human rights ion the society. He believes that the spiritual nature of human beings plays a major role in the d etermination of the social values of people in the society (Sowell 5). According to him, people who have different intellectual vales and positions in the society cannot work together and cooperate in the society to achieve common practices goals and aims. He believed that Christians should live in harmony and work together to allow them achieve common goals in the society. Jacques Maritain believed that people should give meaning to life and it is the role of the Christians in the society is to apply Gods wisdom and knowledge to promote common good to all people. True humanism can only be achieved through the promotion of individuals freedom in the society. It is the role of the state to promote social order in the community since the state has the authority to control various human activities and operations. Thus, the provision of public orders and adoption of effective administration towards public affairs should be the role and duty of the state according Jacques Maritain. Moreover, Jacques Maritain also believed that the state has the power to include religious values and principles in its activities in the community. He fully believed that the Kingdom of God exists and it is the role of people in the society to obey God and achieve eternal life. Thus, it can be argued Jacques Maritain form one of the spiritual and moral men who lived in a very immoral society since he only believed that moral and valid laws and policies mainly come from God and men have no power to decide issues dealing with morality.However, there are those who argue that Jacques Maritain mainly focuses on his personal views and did not consider the historical movements that have shaped the society. Moreover, his political philosophy lacks moral values and includes high levels of democratic pluralism that mainly appeals to non-human good activities in the state.Liberal individualistic (Constrained) philosophy according to HayekBased on the philosophical ideas by Hayek, it is true that individualism ideologies should promote the moral worth and behaviors of a person in the society. He also argues that individuals should be free and have the opportunity to express themselves through self-reliance and value independence in the community. Notably, Hayek indicated that an individual interests, values and desires are more important than the state values and interests. Thus, in the process of promoting liberation activities and practices in the society, it is important that people focus on the individuals needs and interests. Each person has the freedom to promote their values and rights in the society and this is what promotes self-realization (Hayek 3).People should be free, generous and ethical in the society in order to promote their liberty which is part of an individual freedom. In most cases, individualistic values and behaviors are common in states such as the United States and indicate that all people should be given equal rights and equal freedom in t he society. Totalitarianism views and movements also supported the philosophies of individualism and argue that the provision of a liberal society can help achieve economic development and self-realization of people values and goals in the community. Thus, it can be argued that liberal individualistic (Constrained) philosophy according to Hayek mainly advocated for the promotion of self-reliance and self-love among people. It is also clear that man knowledge is diverse and has no limit and people should avoid being selfish in nature despite their individualistic behaviors. Notably, it is true that Friedrich A. Hayek mainly advocated for the promotion of human liberty and freedom through socially constituted platforms. He believed that the soc...

Kants Theory of Enlightenment - 5012 Words

Notes on Kant’s What is Enlightenment? Posted on March 16, 2012 ‘Enlightenment is the human being’s emergence from his self-incurred minority. Kant means emergence from a form of slavery, in which one is not free to think for oneself, but instead is told what to think. In a sense, I think it relates to religious and state imposed rules. This is reinforced when Kant suggests to ‘have the courage to make use of your own understanding’, making that the motto of the Enlightenment. He, perhaps ironically, writes about the comfort of being a minor, or a slave to these rules. To have someone think for them, to have someone to understand instead of the self. There is no trouble then. The step towards the enlightenment is dangerous. It is†¦show more content†¦Kant concludes that he (and at present we also) did not live in an enlightened age. Rather, he says that it is the Age of Enlightenment, that is, that enlightenment is constantly occurring. Kant: Self-Determination in the Age of Reason The 18th century is often called the Age of Reason or the Age of Enlightenment. In the Western world the 18th century was decisively shaped by the systematic efforts of the Enlightenment, a philosophical, cultural, and political movement that tried to institute the rule of Reason in all areas of life. Reason was to replace blind faith and superstition in religion, autocratic and arbitrary rule in administration and government, brute force and devious cunning in politics, the dead weight of tradition in social institutions and culture, and primitive instincts or uncontrolled feelings in personal relations and ethics. The Enlightenment aimed at a future for humanity that is characterized by scientific rationality, self-critical awareness, ever improving technology, democracy, religious tolerance (including the freedom to not believe in any gods at all), universal peace, and the continuing improvement of people’s lives both in terms of physical comfort and intellectual sophistication. Gone in particular would be the fanatical wars fought in the name of religion, the self-righteous insistence on unexamined dogmas and inherited opinions, theShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kants Theory Of Public Reasoning And Enlightenment1010 Words   |  5 PagesKant’s ideas and theories have been a topic of discussion for thousands of years, still remaining an important subject today. In Immanuel Kant’s 1784 essay, What Is Enlightenment? He touches upon topics of public vs. private reasoning and enlightenment. Kant’s goal was to acknowledge the limitations of free speech. 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This concept stemmed mainly from philosophers during the Enlightenment. Learning something for the first time that is accepted to be true, for example mathematics and various proofs, usually ends with us adding that to our plethora of knowledge to ace the next test. However, before the Enlightenment many people believed that through learning, or experience, something comes to exist. Immanuel Kant ended up to be the most influentialRead MoreEssay about Kants Views on Enlightenment505 Words   |  3 PagesKants Views on Enlightenment The best summary of Kants view of Enlightenment lies in the first paragraph of his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?: Sapere Aude. Translated dare to know, the phrase is the motto of enlightenment. For Kant, enlightenment means rising from the self-imposed stupor which substitutes obedience for reason and which atrophies mans ability to think for himself and develop his natural capacities. Laziness and cowardice prevent man fromRead MoreWhat Is Enlightenment1120 Words   |  5 PagesIn his essay titled What is Enlightenment? Immanuel Kant defines enlightenment as mans leaving his self-caused immaturity. (145) In order to fully comprehend his definition, one must first clearly understand Kants use of the term immaturity. He explains that immaturity is not thinking for oneself because of a lack of determination and courage to use ones intelligence without being guided by another. (145) To Kant, immaturity is the individuals fault. He explains that a pattern of immaturityRead MoreEnlightenment Essay example532 Words   |  3 PagesEnlightenment Do we at present live in enlightened age? What is enlightenment? Immanuel Kant attempts to clarify the meaning of enlightenment while composing the essay, What is Enlightenment?. The goal of Kants essay was to discuss what the nature of enlightenment was. It also taught one how enlightenment can be brought about in the general public. Kant explains that, enlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is mans incompetence to have directionRead MoreKantian Enlightenment through Kafkas Colony1461 Words   |  6 Pagesintellectuals who have offered answers to questions of morality, freewill, and enlightenment, Immanuel Kant is one of the most challenging and intriguing. His writings have been used as the basis for analysis of contemporary writings of every age since first they were conceived and published. Benjamins views on law, the ethics of J. K. Rowling, race studies, and basic modern morality have all been discussed through the use of Kants philosophical framework. (Gray, Mack, Newton, Wolosky) Through Franz KafkasRead MoreKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesprominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strict interpretation of Categorical Imperative and a more liberal interpretation. This Kantian moral theory shapesRead MoreKant s Theory On Personal Enlightenment1196 Words   |  5 PagesTariq Al-Bakri Dahlia Guzman PHI1103.006 12/04/2015 Kant’s theory on personal enlightenment Immanuel Kant is definitely one of the most pivotal thinkers in the history of philosophy. His enlightenment theory has become well-known throughout the world and at the same time it immortalized the name of this great German philosopher. Kant defined enlightenment as ability of man to use his own understanding without guidance from another and hence to escape from his self-imposed immaturity. According toRead MoreFrench Revolution Vs. Immanuel Kant1265 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers made up 98 percent of the Third Estate, but even so, could still be outvoted by the Nobels and Aristocrats. After being silenced for so long by the higher classes on matters of state, the lower class began to read and foster ideas about the Enlightenment. Armed with such knowledge, members of the lower class began question why they were forced to live without say in their government. At this point, the Third Estate began to mobilize support for equal representation and rally for the abolishment

How Cyber Security Is Compromised - 1431 Words

Today cyber security causes huge problems for Society: personally, financially and even in matters of national security. Just in the last two years, hundreds of millions of credit card numbers have been stolen. Tens of millions of Social Security numbers and health care records were compromised and even nuclear energy centers have been hacked. Also unmanned drones have been hijacked. This is all done by exploiting vulnerabilities in hardware and software, or more often by taking an advantage of unintentional decisions made by the people using the software. The people committing these cybercrimes don’t fit a single profile or motivation, it could be anyone from an international terrorist to a teenager competing for bragging rights. Today the largest countries not only have a regular army but also have a well-armed Cyber Army, in fact the next World War may not be fought with traditional weapons but with computer used to shut down a nation’s water supplies, energy grid an d transportation systems. This essay will discuss how cyber security is compromised, what systems are in place to defend cyber-attacks and also how to remain safe when using the internet. In biology and life, a virus is an organism that is spread through coughing, wheezing or physical contact. Viruses work by infecting cells and injecting their genetic material and using the cells to replicate themselves. They can make people really sick and spread it to other people. A computer virus works a bit similarly. AShow MoreRelatedHow Online Business And Communication Is An Indispensable Part Of Today s Merging Era Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesan indispensable part of today’s merging era. Unlike traditional wars of using military, weapons and air campaigns; cyber war is more fearful to civilians as it threatens their peace without even been seen. It is quite challenging to identify the ghost in wires, it can be a person, a group of people or it can be a nation behind this intrusion. Former director of the National Security Agency, Mike McConnell, wrote â€Å"We need to develop an early-warning system to monitor cyberspace, identify intrusionsRead MoreThe Methods Of Social Engineering Attacks745 Words   |  3 Pagesto my audience because of the rise of cyber attacks at individual to national level. Ignorance of social engineering attack methods makes on a weak link where social engineering attacks can compromise individual, company, state and federal records Presentation Plan 1. Introduction: a. Audience Hook: According to the FBI News on National Cyber Security Awareness Month in October 3 2016 paragraph 1, (https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/national-cyber-security-awareness-month-2016), personally identifiableRead MoreThe Annual Cost Of Cyber Crime Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthe annual cost of cyber crime in the United States. Due to high cyber attacks and the daily high usage of the internet it is crucial for business to have a secure network to prevent and protect customers and the business itself from having sensitive information compromised and leaked. Causing the current debate between the technology market and the U.S Government Officials. The government is requesting access to all encrypted data which will allow law enforcement to track cyber crime with hopes toRead MoreThe Vulnerabilities Of Passwords And Security Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthat requires us to protect what and how we share this information. To access the guarded data or information we want to protect requires either a password or a pin. A password is a string or group of combined characters precise in length. Passwords and pins are suppositional, and more consideration is seriously required. They are the primary defense against intrusion. However, they can be easily captured and deciphered by cyber criminals. The security in this area is challenging due to theRead MoreEssay about CyberCrime and Terrorism1088 Words   |  5 Pagessteady increase in the amount of cyber crime committed. Technology is a constantly changing entity, constantly evolving, always progressing. Naturally this can make it hard to stay on top of things. In turn, law enforcement runs into various issues regarding cyber crime and cyber terrorism. Cyber crime and terrorism is so complex of a crime that it can be hard to break down the barriers that can lead to justifying the action. Major issues that are prominent in cyber crime and terrorism are that lawsRead MoreEssay on The Main Functi on of Cyber Security1068 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology, which produce more vulnerability to cyber-attacks such as security breaches. Cyber security, also known as information technology security, is information security as applied to computers and computer networks. It is designed to protect networks, programs, computers and data from attacks. These attacks can lead to damages or unauthorized access to data. Computer security also includes protection from unplanned events and natural disasters. Cyber security main function is to guard computers, networksRead MoreAnalysis Of Cybersecurity Metrics As Well A Governmental Policy Framework Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthat could affect them should always be free from coercion, especially when it could affect their well-being. Just imagine how an individual could be compromised if someone was to leverage their medical information in way they are forced to divulge other types of sensitive information that could be used to gain access or compromise information systems that protect national security. For the fore mentioned reasons, that increases the propensity for compliance for an individual working in the healthcareRead MoreWhy Should Payment Card Security Be An Important Issue For Tom?902 Words   |  4 PagesMark Maciasz Case Study Three 6 March 2016 Case Study Three Why should payment card security be an important issue for Tom? Restaurants have a tendency to be targets for cyber criminals. These criminals steal and reconfigure the payment card data for their own purposes. At the Heartland Cafe, Tom has a chance to be a target for a cyber attack by being in a high-traffic area. If the customer is compromised, Heartland Cafe will quickly lose public trust and perhaps Tom will lose the business altogetherRead MoreWhen Cybersecurity Policy Is Discussed The Topics Often1145 Words   |  5 Pagescybersecurity policy is discussed the topics often focus on technology, corporate culture, and security awareness. The success of an organization in defending its most valuable asset, data, depends on the proper implementation of several security practices. Ensuring that the â€Å"human aspect† of cyber security is addressed is vital, for the culture of an organization can greatly impact both the security posture and defense of information networks. This paper addresses the human aspects responsibleRead MoreThe Commonwealth Approach For Developing National Cybersecurity Strategies877 Words   |  4 Pagesthe European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) in order to identify the commonalities and differences between these cybersecurity strategies. The purpose of having a national cybersecurity strategy is to safeguard the nation/peoples interests from being compromised or destroyed. For example, every nation’s government stores a great deal of information on its citizens, if there is not a standard set of rules to govern how this information is protected its likely to be exploited

What You Must Know About Economic Development Essay Topics

What You Must Know About Economic Development Essay Topics Economic development incorporates economic growth among the principal criteria. Economic growth is vital but isn't a sufficient condition of financial development Economic development refers to social and technological progress. It does not take into account the external costs of an economy such as the depletion of natural resources which leads to pollution, diseases and congestion. It has its advantages and disadvantages. As per this view, the topic topic implies higher degree of output in addition to achievements in developments of gain in the volume of financial variables. Extent of the topic is also thought to be an important determinant of financial improvement. Advantages and pitfalls of e-banking 11. How to Choose Economic Development Essay Topics Economic development could be considered our short-term goal to the achievement of a perfect life in the very long run, and financial growth is just one of the significant aspects necessary for bringing about economic improvement. Get clear on what you need your wish to look like so you are able to create solid steps towards it. Whatever your aim is, while it's losing 20lbs or learning a new language, there'll stay a fixed sum of steps that you should take so as to achieve it. Self-managing your goals is an essential step in the practice. An early work program and organization is likely to make your writing process much simpler. When it has to do with setting your own personal objectives, honing in on its specifics is important for success. Always keep in mind that the success of your research is dependent on it. Normally, the training course is centred around a comparatively limited number of themes that are explored in good depth. Whether you're a professional economist searching for a math and statistics-rich blog, or someone who only wishes to learn more about economics and its impacts on the world around you, you will discover the ideal blog to fulfill your wants. Economists appear pleased, but a lot of your friends are still on the lookout for work. As soon as you have built relationships with them, they have the ability to keep you updated on what is going on. For starters, as it can boost business. Economic Development Essay Topics Explained You will research and locate an article that covers the to pic you've chosen. You may also get a topic from this area of economics. When it is argumentative or informative essays, one must develop a topic that could grab the interest of the reader very quickly and this isn't such an easy job. If you're looking to think of the very good essay on microeconomics topics all on your own, the very first place you should search is the internet. For this reason, you should begin brainstorming for ideas after you're given the assignment. Making a list of the benefits and disadvantages is the ideal beginning to writing an advantages and disadvantages essay about inflation. Choosing wisely will mean that you will select a topic you like and know well which will make the writing process much easier. Among the costliest expense in business is the management of resources because of the high price of work. Learn why it ought to be important to your company and the way you're able to go about calculating it. Gas prices are an exemplary instance of supply and demand. In the same style, there's also a minimum price that the item would be sold for to cover the expenses of creating the item. The Little-Known Secrets to Economic Development Essay Topics The rules and conditions can be seen below. Learn how GINA applies to your small business and what you should do to be in compliance. Economic Growth also doesn't also spend the size of the informal economy into consideration. Environment and economics share a distinctive and close relationship. History of internet banking 6. Economic advantages caused by changes in climate.

The Age Of Reason Or Known As The Enlightenment - 1189 Words

Before the Romantic Movement it was the Age of Reason or commonly known as the Enlightenment period. The Enlightenment was a period of scientific rationalization and scientific methods, it was an advanced way of observing the world. This time period rejected the idea’s of the church and celebrated the rational mind. Many of the enlightenment thinkers, â€Å" believed in rationalism and trusted human reason to solve the many problems of life and society, and emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity (69 Apush ).† Enlightenment thinkers adopted the ideas of John Locke, who, emphasized on natural rights. However, in the early nineteenth century Romantic Movement began in art and literature. This movement focused on intuition and individualism. Romantics of this era did not believe in organized institution, such as, church. governmental bodies, and more importantly they rejected the idea science methods and rational approach to understanding life. Instead,  " Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal... (sparknote).† However, one theme was most common, individualism. Individualism is, â€Å" †¦ political and social philosophy that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual (Lukes).† Along with this, the Romantic movement came with a wave of romantic writers, such as, John Stuart Mill. Mill in particular identified with self-consciousness or individualism. His concept of individualism presented itself in his writings,Show MoreRelated Age of Reason Essay example1161 Words   |  5 Pages An Age of Reason â€Å"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities.† This brief quotation was spoken by the famous writer and philosopher Voltaire; I believe it vaguely points out that some people are full of absurd ideas, and for others to follow such nonsense is foolish. The quote is just a taste of Voltaire’s wisdom and knowledge of the world, during the Age of Reason. The Age of Reason or The Enlightenment is defined as a change in not just a way of thinkingRead MoreKant : The Father Of Enlightenment1071 Words   |  5 PagesEssay 2 Kant: The Father of Enlightenment The 18th Century is referred to as the Age of Reason or Enlightenment as it was during this period that reason and individualism was advocated as a means of power. Science and reason were revolutionizing society by challenging the facts deeply rooted in tradition. This new rational way of thinking used logic to arrive at conclusions. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, was one of the primary figures of this era that cultivated reason and whose works have revolutionizedRead MoreThe And Candide Essays : Practical Reason Triumphs Logic1382 Words   |  6 Pages1451518 Practical Reason triumphs Logic Throughout history Literature has always played a unique part in shaping society and symbolizing the beliefs of its people. King Louis XIV served after a time in which there was great conflict amongst Catholics and Huguenots. This conflict brought many uncharacteristic thoughts in to society. This religious conflict would lead to a new view of the world in the eyes of those who believed in the enlightenment. Moliere and Voltaire were both influential writersRead MoreKant s Views On The Enlightenment And Modernity923 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion are J.J. Rousseau and I. Kant. Both thinkers agreed that the Enlightenment would change society as they knew it, that it would allow the human being to develop, both individually and socially. I will consider both thinker’s attitudes as regards to the Enlightenment and Modernity, the individual, and finally to the individual’s responsibility in helping humanity progress towards a peaceful international community. The Enlightenment is the social and cultural period that brought about European ModernityRead MoreThe Enlightenment By Thomas Paine And John Locke1709 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper: The Enlightenment The eighteenth century embraced the beginning of an opinionated movement for new thinking about once unquestioned truths and actions. This movement, known as the enlightenment was more than a period of advanced ideas, as this unfamiliar way of thinking also lead to a change in the way that people began to operate within society. The ambition was lead by the attempt to break free from the past, overturning old ideas and moving forward. Enlightenment thinkers helpedRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment : The Interesting Life Of Olaudah Equiano1456 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 18th century, many things were happening and the Europeans also were known as â€Å"Enlightenment thinkers and philosophers† thought by creating a movement called Age of Enlightenment, it would inflict rational change upon humanity. The Age of Enlightenment is described to be â€Å"set out by means of reason and direct observation to discover the fundamental laws governing nature, humanity, and society. Th e philosophes believed that such discoveries would free the world from tyranny, violence, andRead MoreThe Enlightenment1278 Words   |  6 PagesWorld The Enlightenment, Age of Reason, began in the late 17th and 18th century. This was a period in Europe and America when mankind was emerging from centuries of ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity. This period promoted scientific thought, skeptics, and intellectual interchange: dismissing superstition, intolerance, and for some, religion. Western Europe, Germany, France, and Great Britain, and the American Colonies generally influenced the age of reasonRead MoreOverview of The Enlightenment Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enlightenment was a period of history throughout the mid-decades of the seventeenth century and during the course of the eighteenth century, in which intense revolutions in science, philosophy, society and politics occurred. This part of history was important because it was an enormous departure from the Middle Ages. Seldom before and after this time, did the Church have as much power as it did during the Enlightenme nt. There were three main eras of the Enlightenment: The Early EnlightenmentRead MoreThe And Philosophical Movement Of Voltaire s Candide1641 Words   |  7 PagesSpreading rapidly in the 17th century, the Age of Reason changed the way people understood and interpreted their thoughts. The Enlightenment advocated for truth, to free the human mind from superstition and religious authoritarianism. People began to reflect on themselves rather than relying on the church. Voltaire was a writer and philosopher, who played an important role by incorporating themes of The Enlightenment into one of his famous novels, â€Å"Candide† to spread ideas. Themes including religionRead MoreThe Political, Economic and Social Aspects of the Enlightenment1109 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic and Social Aspects the Enlightenment The Enlightenment, also known as Age of Reason, was a cultural movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe. The Enlightenment mainly focused on mathematics, science, art, philosophy, politics and literature in the 1700s. This movement took away the fear of the world and the medieval views that were placed upon the people for so many years, and it also opened their eyes to new ideas and reason. Old beliefs such as French

In My Shoes Free Essays

In my shoes I’ve had my black and white converses for about 7 years, and I still wear them today. They use to have Green laces on both shoes, but the left side got so worn out that I couldn’t lace up it up anymore. That is why one side now has black lace, because my boyfriend gave me his shoe lace so I could fix my shoe. We will write a custom essay sample on In My Shoes or any similar topic only for you Order Now I got these shoes myself when I was entering 7th grade from K hols. It was supposedly the cool style to wear converse at the time, and I wanted to have my own pair. I wore them almost every day, partially because they were the only shoes I had at the time, and partially because I loved them that much. I don’t want to throw them away even though they are so ratty now because I’ve had them for so long, and they held up better than the 3 pairs of flip flops I’ve worn out. They are meaningful to me because the shoes were the first ones that I bought myself, and something that I got to be trendier. I’m not usually one to keep up with the fashion world, but buying them made it feel like I was a part of some unspoken group of cool people. Yes I do plan to keep them, but they are now kept outside on the back porch to be used as mowing shoes. They would be impractical to wear around anymore because there is a rip down the side of the right shoe, and a giant gaping hole on the bottom of the other one. The rain puddles use to leak through the hole and soak my sock, making it soggy. I’ve already gotten a new pair of converse shoes from my older sister, Jennifer. They are light grey with pink laces. They are nice shoes, but I do prefer the black ones more, considering black can match with anything! How to cite In My Shoes, Papers

Taking It Easy in Newton free essay sample

Ive lived in Newton all my life. Three of my grandparents lived here, as did six of my great- grandparents. I fear I will be stuck in this place for the rest of my life, as if there is some force insisting I belong here. Here in Newton we dont call ourselves Townies, we call ourselves Newtonites. Newton is a city of eccentric people. There is a therapist on every corner, and for good reason. Newtonites keep the therapists very busy. The only criteria for being a Newtonite is one has to be a certifiable nutcase. Let me give you some examples of a typical day. You walk into Dunkin Donuts at 8 a.m. You are tired. Newtonites are just waking up, but the screaming and bickering has started. A woman is irate because her donut has not been evenly glazed. She is insisting on speaking to the manager. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking It Easy in Newton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She demands a dozen free donuts to smooth things over. The clerks rush around madly trying to appease her before all hell breaks loose. A little unnerved, you go next door to pick up a shirt at the dry cleaners. A mans face is quickly changing colors with rage he goes from hot red to choking blue in a matter of seconds. Apparently, the dry cleaners left a speck of a spot on his Ralph Lauren sweater. I cant see it, the manager timidly says. Just take a look with this magnifying glass, the angry man insists. The manager apologizes profusely. He fires his staff and offers the enraged man a year of free dry cleaning for him, his family and all of his neighbors. Then you begin to walk to school. You are almost run off the sidewalk by the pushy mother of one of your classmates. She is excitedly screaming at you. Something must be incredibly important. She wants to know how your spelling test score compared to her daughters. You are in kindergarten. You misspelled fit, but her daughter misspelled ill and nut. She will never make it to the Ivys, the mother laments, dramatically throwing her hands in the air. Oh, this poor woman. Im sure no one elses life could compare to her misery. As you cross the street in the crosswalk, you are almost struck by a racing car. There is a No U-Turn sign. The driver makes a U-turn in front of the sign. The police look the other way. Rules are for 99 percent of the world not for those in Newton. You walk into school. One frantic group of mothers is in a heated argument with another intense group. What is this all about, you wonder. Then you overhear what is at the root of the trauma: The frantic group wants the bulletin boards to be pink, the intense group wants them to be purple. You are only six-years-old but, being a Newtonite, you get the picture. Life is not supposed to be fun. Life is to be taken seriously very seriously. Life is an emergency. When our out-of-town friends come over for dinner, the adults all laugh and make sure their children dont drink our water. Could it be that the stories of our neighbors have scared them? Are our neighbors affected by our environment, or do nuts just find each another? One of my neighbors, for example, is a true screwball. She hates people (especially children), cats, dogs and rabbits, but nothing compares to her hatred of squirrels. One spring was really creepy. It was raining dead squirrels for weeks. Id be riding my bike, minding my own business, when suddenly a squirrel would plummet from Crazy Ladys tree, narrowly missing my head but causing me to swerve. Id be raking my lawn, and dead squirrels would fall off the roof onto my rake. We finally had the police come and look at all the white powder she was sprinkling on the branches of her trees. They didnt want to get involved, but their presence did stop the War on Squirrels for awhile. In any event, squirrels dont dare live on our street; even dumb animals like that have learned their lesson. Im just thankful that shes too freaked out by us to come to our homes because God knows shed get the rest of us if she could. Well, you asked that this be fiction, not nonfiction. My fictitious twist to Taking It Easy in Newton is that a group of world-renowned psycho-pharmacologists took out a globe and questioned which community would have the most to gain and the least to lose by their biochemical experiment. Needless to say, they chose Newton. Their plan was to seep mood stabilizers throughout the community for a period of time, and study the changes. They flooded Newtons water supply with mood stabilizers and sat back to watch the results. Lo and behold, within a month, the tone of Newton had begun to change. Newtonites were smiling! Many looked less worried. Perfection was no longer the goal. People were courteous. People seemed at peace. Getting to work remained important, but running a child over in the process began to feel excessive. Gasp! Squirrels again frolicked in the trees. Cheers! People even began to notice the flowers growing in their own gardens, planted and cared for by a steady stream of paid gardeners. Hoorah! Even the homeless dared return to sleep on the park benches with no fear! Some might question whether Newton lost its colorful character during this experiment. To anyone sane, the answer would be a resounding No! What is so attractive about enraged, busy perfectionists? The goal for all of us should be a peaceful existence and living in harmony. We sometimes need to remind ourselves that we actually know people who didnt get into the Ivys, and not only are they happy but they even have jobs. Big wow. We need to remember that others are not looking at us through a magnifying glass, so we need to stop looking at ourselves through one. We need to remember that life is really nothing but a game, and if you burn yourself out, you lose. The winners are those who dont let all the stages and steps of the game we call life kill their spirit. We all get one shot at this game. We are the directors of our existence. Only we can live the life we have imagined for ourselves. So, stop and smell the roses and the clean air and the green grass. Enjoy the beautiful sights surrounding us, listen to the laughter and the stimulating conversation of others as well as the introspective voice from within and as you work on keeping yourself centered, feel the self-acceptance, the self-confidence and the peace that eventually will come to you on your journey of self-discovery because of, and not in spite of, being a member of a community such as Newton. A successful college essay! Ashleigh now attends Albertus Magnus College.

Tesla Motors free essay sample

The Global Business Community The first macroenvironmental factor that Tesla Motors faces is the society and subcultures. In this day in age consumers worldwide have increased their knowledge and sensitivity about its environment. Numerous companies have catered to this need of becoming more environmentally responsible by offering products that are â€Å"green† or environmentally friendly. This new growth amongst people and organizations alike of becoming more environmentally conscious has created an opportunity for Tesla Motors with its brand of product.Tesla Motors produces and sells fully electric cars as well as electric vehicle powertrain components that give off no tailpipe emissions. Also Tesla motor vehicles cut CO2 emissions in half compared to gas burning automobiles that currently dominates the roads today. Environmental consciousness is what Tesla Motors is built on and its pursuit of diminishing dependence upon a diminishing resource for their consumers is what the company values most and depends on most for increasing revenue. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesla Motors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second macroenvironmetal factor that Tesla Motors runs into is the demographics.The demographics factor may pose as a major problem for Tesla’s success in the future as its product only appeals to those that are able to afford their vehicles. Although Tesla Motors offers a first-rate vehicle when it comes to performance, efficiency, and class the price for the fairly new automobile company is not economically friendly. Currently Tesla’s prices can range from the base vehicle Model S which currently costs roughly $58,000 up to its â€Å"signature edition† which is estimated at $105,000.With its above average cost of the high end fully electrical cars Tesla must integrate a more concentrated segmentation strategy in targeting the correct demographics to foster the company’s success. Tesla Motors should also take into consideration of tackling demographics in regions with higher gas prices compared to others. According to the American Automotive Association California, Hawaii, Alaska, Connecticut, and New York are among the states with the highest gas prices (Kurtzleben, 2011). In accomplishing this Tesla will be able to market to demographics that can offer a higher incentive in purchasing their fully electric vehicles.The third macroenvironmental factor Tesla faces is in regards to the economic factors. One economic factor that can possibly affect the Tesla would be the prices of petroleum dropping to a low cost for consumers and possibly staying at an affordable price. With an affordable price on gasoline, consumers would be less likely to look for alternatives to combat rising gas and oil prices that we see today, making the high-priced fully electric Tesla vehicle even more unattractive. The economic downturn can also be an ailing factor for Tesla Motors as well. The economic collapse has caused the buying capacity of consumers to dramatically decrease making individuals across the country a lot more conscious about the spending their hard earned dollar. The automobile industry as a whole has struggled overall with battling record losses in revenue and waiving workers. Being that it is a fairly new competitor within the industry Tesla will find it very difficult for selling and staying above its break-even point with its high-end luxury fully electric vehicle. The forth macroenvironmental factor Tesla faces is the natural and physical factors.The increased usage of oil and fossil fuel which is mainly being used for transportation and the decreasing of the resource globally play as an opportunity and advantage for Tesla Motors. â€Å"Petroleum currently fuels 95% of the United States transportation sector, a sector that demands nearly 28% of total usage† (Musk, 2012). With Tesla Motors’ fully electric vehicles offer consumers a s ubstantially alternative towards saving money from not ever relying on purchasing gas at an ever increasing price due to its low supply and high demand of petroleum. Minimizing the dependence on petroleum not only reduces emissions, but also will help build a stronger energy economy (Musk, 2012). The fifth macroenvironmetal factor Tesla faces is in consideration of political and legal issues. Tesla has already been involved in several lawsuits. One that has been most notarized is the lawsuit filed against its competitor Fisker Automotive in early 2008 for stealing design ideas and confidential information such as business plans, technology, and trade secrets. Henrik Fisker was hired by Tesla to design its WhiteStar model vehicle in 2007.After gaining access to designs and confidential information which is Tesla’s competitive advantage he then used the information which enabled Fisker to develop his own high-end electric car which was called Karma. After consulting with an arbitrator Tesla lost its case 7 months after filing the suit due to the finding an interim award in Fisker Automotives favor. The sixth and final macroenvironmetal factor Tesla Motors faces is technology. Tesla holds a technological advantage over all of its competitors in comparison with to the overall performance of the vehicle.Tesla’s electric powertrain found in each vehicle allows higher driving efficiencies. With Tesla’s understanding of using energy efficiently the company has created vehicles with superior design by improving technologies of vehicle road-load which encompasses wind resistance, mechanical friction, and tire rolling resistance; energy conversion losses, as well as electric vehicle efficiency. Overall the driving efficiency is 88% compared to 20-25% for traditional gas-powered cars (Musk, 2012). Although hybrids also increase the total efficiency of internal combustion they are still less efficient than Tesla vehicles (Musk, 2012).Another technological advantage Tesla’s has is its affordability in fueling the vehicle with electricity rather than gas, making it a s ound financial decision for consumers. â€Å"Tesla vehicles cost as little as $5 to charge; equivalent to $0. 02 per mile. Alternatively, a gasoline-powered car that is rated at 20 mpg cost $0. 15 per mile† (Musk, 2012). Tesla’s has a competitive advantage in regards toward its technology used within its product. However, the main concern is how long Tesla Motors will be able to hold its competitive advantage in regards toward its technology over time. The MarketHeading into the microenvronmental analysis of the paper the first factor that Tesla Motor’s faces is the collaboration. Collaboration with other companies can be beneficial and viewed as a positive for both parties if performed properly. With Tesla Motors’ technological advancements for its electric cars the company has teamed up with major automobile company Toyota towards supplying the company with control systems, batteries, and motors Toyota’s new electric vehicle the RAV4 SUV (Bullis, 2012). Tesla has also recently agreed to provide similar electric car supplies for Mercedes-Benz in a similar deal (Bullis, 2012).The collaboration microenvironmental factor can be turned into an opportunity for Tesla Motors as leverage. If the company manages to not succeed as an independent automobile manufacturer, Tesla still can have the ability to produce the proper technologies needed in developing an electric car for larger manufacturers. Through collaboration Tesla can also develop itself in become an attractive company to be acquired by larger automobile companies such as Toyota and Mercedes- Benz respectfully. The second microenvironmental factor Tesla Motors faces is in regards to competition. With nearly every major automobile manufacturer gearing up plans to roll out with their very own electric car Tesla now has to compete with the likes of General Motors, Ford, and Nissan. However these companies will be indirectly competing with Tesla for market share within the niche. Companies that will be directly competing with Tesla are Mercedes and BMW in the market for high-performance luxury electric vehicles (Bullis, 2012). Competition has been expanded into a much broader scope for Tesla Motors since the company was founded back in 2003.Along with other smaller automobile manufacturers that Tesla must compete with, Tesla has to also compete with companies that provide other energy efficient alternatives such as hybrids, hydrogen powered, flex fuels, and compressed natural gas. The third microenvironmental factor Tesla Motor must account for is its suppliers. It is imperative for companies to have a positive relationship with suppliers in order for the procurement process to be run efficiently and effectively especially when there is more than one supplier needed to fulfill the completion of the overall product. Procurement is a series of steps that a company takes to obtain or acquire necessary materials (Magal Word, 2009). It is vital that Tesla stays in complete control of its product lifecycle process as the company deals with many suppliers from different countries all over the world. Besides the company’s powertrain which is built at Tesla’s at headquarters in California, car parts for design such as body panels are produced in France, as well as battery cells shipped from Japan (Musk, 2012).Tesla can use strategies such as locking in lower prices for different supplies to ensure savings overtime if prices were to be raised. The fourth and final microenvironmental factor that must be taken into consideration on behalf of Tesla Motors are the regulators. Tesla has to be aware and make proper adjustments to its business plans once government regulation occurs. In January of 2012, California, adopted the strongest new clean-air regulation in the United States. California will mandate that one out of seven cars sold in 2025 are plug-ins or full electrics (Woodyard, 2012).

Academic Persuasive Essay Sample

Academic Persuasive Essay SampleWriting a persuasive academic essay is the least fun part of a college education. Students write academic essays for many reasons: to help them score well on their assignments, to help their teachers grade their work, and to help their classmates understand the importance of the subject matter. It's also an essential skill for anyone interested in getting a job at an academe.If you've ever written your own personal experience on something, you can use that knowledge to inspire others with your own experience. In this case, it's the law.The reader of your persuasive essay has to take one look at your experience and instantly have a sense of what you're trying to say. To do this, you need to emphasize the details of your experience and stress the importance of your specific experience in the context of the issues involved. How much information does it take to bring it all together?Most good persuasive essays are based on the facts. Your persuasive academ ic essay should be factual. Facts are more interesting than opinion. Just because you're going to the trouble of rewriting and revising a speech you gave a few months ago doesn't mean it's more important than the facts presented in the original speech.In a persuasive academic essay, facts are the key. This is especially true when you're not exactly sure what you're talking about or what you're trying to do. As such, facts are often the best way to encourage and clarify other people's understanding of what you're trying to convey.If you're writing a persuasive academic essay, it's essential that you write a persuasive essay. In fact, it's a good idea to read as many academic persuasive essays as you can. Understanding the difference between persuasive writing is very important to writing a persuasive essay. Of course, not every persuasive essay needs to be a rhetorical argument. The most common way to persuade people of a point is through emotional appeals. Emotions, and their preval ence in modern life, have made a persuasive essay particularly useful.The vast majority of persuasive essays are not framed as arguments. But arguments are not without their place in a persuasive academic essay.

Free Essays on Leonin

Leonin Leonin was born in Paris, France in the year 1135 AD (Estrella, 2004). He had such a musical influence to the pioneers of our medieval time period even after his death in the year 1201 AD (Estrella, 2004). Leonin was even considered one of the greatest musical minds in the history of Western Music. He received his well earned education at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Eventually, he served as a canon (Estrella, 2004). He was a French composer as well as poet (Estrella, 2004). Though his significance came from his work with music, his poetry was also well recognized. Though very little is known about the life and details of Leonin, the impact he made in the music world has lasted for ages now. The only writings on Leonin from his earlier life time, came from a later student at the Cathedral known as Anonymous IV (Estrella, 2004). This person is supposed to be an Englishman who left a treatise on theory (Estrella, 2004). Anonymous IV mentions Leonin as the great composer of the Magnus liber (Estrella, 2004). One of Leonin’s greatest achievements was the creation of the Magnus liber organi (The Great Book of Organum). The Great Book of Organum, is a cycle of two-part Graduals, Alleluias, and responsories for the entire church year (Grout, p 77). Unfortunately, the Magnus liber does not exist in its original form (Grout, p 78). . There are manuscripts preserved in libraries at Florence, Wolfenbuttel, Madrid, and elsewhere (Grout, p 78). There is no knowledge of exactly how much of the Magnus liber Leonin composed (Grout, p 79). . Organum is the earliest form of medieval polyphonic music (Estrella, 2004). Before any of the works of Leonin, there is no evidence of any type of comprehensive rhythmic system (Estrella, 2004). Leonin improved organum by adding rhythmic structure to the tenor (Grout, p 79). This rhythmic system is based on six different rhythmic patterns known as rhythmic modes (Estrella, 2004).... Free Essays on Leonin Free Essays on Leonin Leonin Leonin was born in Paris, France in the year 1135 AD (Estrella, 2004). He had such a musical influence to the pioneers of our medieval time period even after his death in the year 1201 AD (Estrella, 2004). Leonin was even considered one of the greatest musical minds in the history of Western Music. He received his well earned education at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Eventually, he served as a canon (Estrella, 2004). He was a French composer as well as poet (Estrella, 2004). Though his significance came from his work with music, his poetry was also well recognized. Though very little is known about the life and details of Leonin, the impact he made in the music world has lasted for ages now. The only writings on Leonin from his earlier life time, came from a later student at the Cathedral known as Anonymous IV (Estrella, 2004). This person is supposed to be an Englishman who left a treatise on theory (Estrella, 2004). Anonymous IV mentions Leonin as the great composer of the Magnus liber (Estrella, 2004). One of Leonin’s greatest achievements was the creation of the Magnus liber organi (The Great Book of Organum). The Great Book of Organum, is a cycle of two-part Graduals, Alleluias, and responsories for the entire church year (Grout, p 77). Unfortunately, the Magnus liber does not exist in its original form (Grout, p 78). . There are manuscripts preserved in libraries at Florence, Wolfenbuttel, Madrid, and elsewhere (Grout, p 78). There is no knowledge of exactly how much of the Magnus liber Leonin composed (Grout, p 79). . Organum is the earliest form of medieval polyphonic music (Estrella, 2004). Before any of the works of Leonin, there is no evidence of any type of comprehensive rhythmic system (Estrella, 2004). Leonin improved organum by adding rhythmic structure to the tenor (Grout, p 79). This rhythmic system is based on six different rhythmic patterns known as rhythmic modes (Estrella, 2004)....

Quagga Facts and Figures

Quagga Facts and Figures Name: Quagga (pronounced KWAH-gah, after its distinctive call); also known as Equus quagga quagga Habitat: Plains of South Africa Historical Period: Late Pleistocene-Modern (300,000-150 years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet high and 500 pounds Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Stripes on head and neck; modest size; brown posterior About the Quagga Of all the animals that have gone extinct over the past 500 million years, the Quagga has the distinction of being the first to have had its DNA analyzed, in 1984. Modern science quickly dissipated 200 years of confusion: when it was first described by South African naturalists, in 1778, the Quagga was pegged as a species of genus Equus (which comprises horses, zebras, and donkeys). However, its DNA, extracted from the hide of a preserved specimen, showed that the Quagga was actually a sub-species of the classic Plains Zebra, which diverged from the parent stock in Africa anywhere between 300,000 and 100,000 years ago, during the later Pleistocene epoch. (This shouldnt have come as a surprise, considering the zebra-like stripes that covered the Quaggas head and neck.) Unfortunately, the Quagga was no match for the Boer settlers of South Africa, who prized this zebra offshoot for its meat and its coat (and hunted it just for sport as well). Those Quaggas that werent shot and skinned were humiliated in other ways; some were used, more or less successfully, to herd sheep, and some were exported for display in foreign zoos (one well-known and much-photographed individual lived in the London Zoo in the mid-19th century). A few Quaggas even wound up pulling carts full of tourists in early 19th century England, which much have quite been an adventure considering the Quaggas mean, skittish disposition (even today, zebras are not known for their gentle natures, which helps to explain why they were never domesticated like modern horses.) The last living Quagga, a mare, died in full sight of the world, in an Amsterdam zoo in 1883. However, you may yet have the chance to see a living Quagga- or at least a modern interpretation of a living Quagga- thanks to the controversial scientific program known as de-extinction. In 1987, a South African naturalist hatched a plan to selectively breed back the Quagga from a population of plains zebras, specifically aiming to reproduce the Quaggas distinctive stripe pattern. Whether or not the resulting animals count as genuine Quaggas, or are technically only zebras that look superficially like Quaggas, will likely not matter to the tourists that (in a few years) will be able to glimpse these majestic beasts on the Western Cape.

In-Office Nuclear Cardiac Stress Lab Term Paper

In-Office Nuclear Cardiac Stress Lab - Term Paper Example This report will take into consideration the financial, health and economic implications of adding an in-office nuclear cardiac stress lab as an investment to an existing eight-physician cardiology practice while taking into consideration the expected returns, compliance to Stark physician self-referral law and recommendation on whether the project remains viable or not. More importantly, it is essential to undertake assumptions upon which the evaluation of the project is based on. One of the assumptions is that as a profit making organization, the project implemented should give high levels of returns that are of additional value to the existence of the healthcare facility as a whole. In addition, the forecasted revenues and expenses are expected to remain constant over the period in which the project is functional. Nonetheless, the initial costs comprising of marketing expenses, clinician education cost are paid only once at the initial start of the project. More so, the rest of th e expenses and revenues remain constant for the rest of the project life cycle (Moyer et al., 2012). Finally, the investment in the in-office nuclear cardiac stress lab will be a long-term project that is expected to last for a longer period. Estimated net revenue and volume projections More significantly, an analysis of the data issued based on income and expenses issued in the spreadsheet are more likely to be based on the initial costs and revenues to be recovered on implementation of the project. Nonetheless, the main question is based on considerations made in case the project become a success or failure and the revenue collected would face increase or decrease in the estimated net revenue and volume projections (Young, 2003). As a result, the changes in volume projections should influence the estimated net revenue over the years as the project is expected to be a long time. Payor mix and contract rates, including bad debt assumptions Considerably, the payor mix influence the a mount of collections that go to the contractor who is involved with the implementation of the project (Moyer et al., 2012). Nonetheless, the current contract rates through allowance of $941,223 seem to be favorable in case they are paid at the initial project outlay because it still ensures that financial benefits derived from the project remains viably high. Considering that bad debt include those revenues that are likely to be defaulted by the customers, the estimated value is high as it stands at $149,363. Capital expenditures and start-up costs In most cases, capital expenditure relates to the cash from a business that is spent on purchasing of new fixed assets that are entitled to give the business-increased benefits. More so, the capital expenditures relate to the start-up costs of investment projects for example, the implementation of the initial outlay in-office nuclear cardiac stress lab allows expenses to initiate the costs. However, it is advisable to recover the capital expenditure and the start up costs over a lifecycle period within which the project yields free cash flow (Moyer et al., 2012). Therefore, the costs that attribute to the start up costs and capital expenditu

Short Story Analysis Sheet Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short Story Analysis Sheet - Coursework Example Hazel is hell bent on continuing her winning streak at an annual race event held on May Day (Bambara 1-2). However, she has to juggle caring for her brother Raymond and race preparations while simultaneously dealing with insensitive remarks about Raymond’s mental handicap. At the story’s conclusion, Hazel emerges victorious and finds new respect for Gretchen and Raymond’s Down syndrome (Bambara 4). The author uses flashbacks throughout the story. For example, Hazel remembers taking Mary Louise under her wing when the latter was new to the neighborhood. In addition, she recounts her distaste for Cynthia Procter’s pretentiousness when she remembers the latter’s lie about not adequately preparing for a spelling bee event (Bambara 2). Bambara’s description of events is believable because she addresses challenges that face children in real-life; for example, jealousy and rivalry between young girls, as they strive to prove their superiority. The kind of conflict, central to the Raymond’s Run, is a sort of inner conflict of the protagonist. From the first glance it may seem that the whole story is about confrontation of two athletes, Squeky and Gretchen, but things are much more complicated, and the existing conflict between girls is an external one. Upon the deeper reflection the reader recognizes that twenty year old Squeky struggles to find her place in life, as she strives to do more than just watch Raymond. This girl uses running as a tool to construct another identity of the more confident and successful individual. However, her passion in running does not meet parental expectations, as they find Squeky’s hobby impair her girlishness. A vivid example of that conflict is Squeky’s refusal to take part in maypole dancing with such an argumentation: â€Å"a poor Black girl who really can’t afford to buy shoes and a new dress you only wear once.† (Bambara 1). Hazel Deborah Parker, or Squeky,

Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases

Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases 1. Introduction 1.1. Present Scenario Internet is the latest and the most powerful innovation of mankind. In present era of internet we used computer technology to solve our many problems. Today in every field we use computer technology from education, business, social networking to order a dinner or health check-up. Nobody knows from when human are start using medicine for cure themselves from illness. Many years ago when uncivilized human are lives in cave, deep forest they used various tree, plants leaves as medicine. They give their knowledge to the next generation. There is no MBBS doctors are available at that time. The anytime anywhere availability of Internet has made a great impact specially in-terms of reaching customers and making themselves aware of ones products base and services. (Roche, 2010) Going back 15 or more years, when hardly anyone had access to the internet; you would have had to go out to find a doctor for solving your health problems. But now, that the internet is available to many people, so people can visit a virtual doctor clinic. In todays modern society we have MBBS doctors, thousands of medicine for thousands of diseases. If we feel sick, we go to the doctors clinic and doctor diagnosis us, then prescribed some medicine and after taking medicine will fine within few days. But if you went out from your city or you go someplace, where you get sick and you dont have any doctor nearby. What you do then? In Africa there is only 1 doctor among 5000 people. Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. There are many places where people are dying because of some common diseases. Just some common medicine can help them. Now if I asked you What if you could visit a doctor, any time of day or night, without leaving your home and that doctor could review your history, diagnose your problem and also give you prescription? Now you are thinking how is it possible? Ok you need just an internet connection and computer and Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases onlinesoftware will do it for you. 1.2. Topic of the Project The Project is titled â€Å"Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases†. It will be a generic software package for a medical clinic. The system will be able to act as a web-based solution for medical symptom checker. It will prove to be asset for both the doctor as well as their patient. 1.3. Targeted Audience Target audience or user is one of the main concerns on how and why a system is been developed, who is going to use this system. The target users of Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine have been categorized into three types. 1.4. Problem Context Internet enthusiastic people want to use internet to solve their medical problems. But there is no good local site that can provide this kind of facility. This kind of website is perfect for them who dont have time to visit a doctors clinic for minor Where doctor is unable, we used this kind of technology to help people. Presently, There are only 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa. Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. In this country this kind of system will help people if it can be implemented. . 1.5. Rationale behind the System The following has highlighted some of the most common benefits of the â€Å"Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine† Because of the existence of the identified problems, there is a need for such project. This project consists of some on-line web application which provides guides to the patient. The system will be using advanced algorithm to design a virtual medical agent. The benefits gained from this project are: User can contact with doctor easily from their home or office. Doctor can easily manage their patient. Patient can gain medical knowledge from using this system. Smart Symptom checker can help patient anytime. 1.5.1. Proposed Solution Ø Patient who have some knowledge of using internet doesnt need to visit to doctor for common diseases life fiver, Pain, stomatitis etc. Ø It also helps community and skilled health workers, supported by automated assessment and treatment protocols, can rapidly expand the delivery of health care in developing countries Ø The spread of mobile phones and web services makes new models of healthcare delivery possible at everyones hand. Ø Proven technology will allow developing countries to leapfrog the knowledge gap between doctors and patients Ø User can learn about healthcare tasks from this system. Ø Doctor doesnt need to remember all the name of medicine and their purpose. Doctor can find details of a medicine just a click of a search button. Ø Ground-breaking but proven technology allows rapid development, review, and updating of complex automated guidelines by medical professionals without it intervention. 1.6. Benefits of the System Development and Implementation of such a system will bring in a lot of benefits for the business, its employees and its customers (both current and potential). These benefits can be classified into Tangible and Intangible which are discussed in details below:- Ø The system help doctor to make faster diagnosis. Ø Using medicine search engine doctor can get any medicine information with in a second. Ø Various medical tools like BMI calculator, symptom checker etc. will help doctor as well as patient to solve their problems easily. Ø System administrator can easily manage the system using content management system. Ø The system will use roles and permission levels, to maintain confidentiality of private data of administrator, doctor and patient. Ø Patient can use chat services to chat with doctor. Ø The presence of certain services offered by the system on the mobile web will also ensure that the system can be accessed from anywhere anytime. 1.7. Challenges Involved Developing a system such as this will involve a host of challenges for the developer. The major challenges can be classified under:- 1.7.1. Domain Challenges: Ø Data Gathering and Domain Analysis: Due to the developers unfamiliarity with the work-flow and the processes followed in the online Symptom Checker it will become a challenging task to develop awareness about the medical service domain. Ø Implementation of Customizability: The biggest challenge of developing a system like this is its implementation itself. There is high percentage of risk involved in development and implementation of a system like this. The main challenge is to understand the base concepts involved in designing and developing Smart Medical Diagnosis. The developer will also need to follow a modular and object oriented approach in developing this system for enhancing reusability, abstraction, encapsulation and polymorphism. Ø Content Management System (CMS): Understanding and Implementing a CMS integrated with a system like this will require the developer to design the complex architecture of the system in prior so that his/her concepts are clear regarding the control flow of the system and no module infringes each other. This will also require him/her to study existing CMS such as Joomla and Drupal and understand their architecture and working. Ø Database Designing and Normalization: Designing a database for a generic customizable system like this is challenge in itself. The fields and data types of the table along with the tables itself are not fixed or pre-defined. The developer needs to code keeping in mind user customization may need to create these database objects dynamically and hence needs to keep a scope for their creation and modification. Apart from this, there needs to be a big centralized database, which is capable of storing large amount of data and about a large number of entities. The relation between these large numbers of entities will be needed to be figure out and a complex normalization has to be implemented in designing a database like this. Ø Implementation of 3-Tier Architecture: In order to enhance scalability, performance, reliability and robustness of this system, the developer will need to implement 3-Tier architecture for developing this system which is a challenging task keeping in mind the size and complexity of the systems database. Ø Algorithm for Customizing the site and Symptom Checker: The developer will require to showcase solid understanding for logics and algorithms in order to develop the module where the administrative users can add or edit new pages, new symptom option where he/she will be able to add its name description along with the algorithm that will be followed for generating a definite result. 1.7.2. Technical Challenges: PHP: The system will require the developer to use advanced PHP functionalities like Personalization, Forum, Blog and Emailing which will be used in various modules of this system. Develop a PHP base application is harder as compare to develop same application in ASP.NET using visual studio. Visual studio generates code for you debug for you and its also save time. But PHP is challenge as compare to asp.net. Cause PHP doesnt have any IDE and very code you need to write it down in a text editor. Finding an error is also a head ace. But for learning purpose PHP is great. Thats the reason I chose PHP as main web development language. Web Based system: Making an interactive web based system is difficult. Implement a dynamic web site is harder than making a desktop application. We need to take care of network, client server, band width to make project successful. AJAX and JavaScript / jQuery: For designing an intuitive and dynamic interface so that users have a rich experience availing features like data entry assistance, error prevention, etc. The developer needs to have in depth knowledge of AJAX as well as JavaScript or jQuery. Implementation of AJAX is not easy task for a developer who is new to web development. I just know little PHP and HTML. It will be a challenge for me to implement Ajax in this project. AJAX makes web application fell like a desktop application. CSS: Most people who are new in web development cant able to understand how to lay out a page. They just try to drug and drop div, table using Dreamweaver or any HTML design tools with underrating the advanced concept of CSS. And ended up with Advanced Database Concepts with MYSQL: For designing such a complex database that the system requires the developer needs to have a concrete understanding of database concepts like Normalization, Query Optimization, Views, and Permissions. He/she should also require familiarity with MYSQL. MOBILE OPTIMIZATING : For optimizing the web application for mobile phones and handheld devices the developer needs to have extensive skills in WML, mobile web as well as an understanding of how to integrate WML with server side scripting technologies 1.8. Goals behind developing the System 1.8.1. Project goal â€Å"When people are sick, they must make critical decisions about when and where they should receive healthcare. Unfortunately, most people lack the medical knowledge needed to make these decisions safely. Online smart diagnosis is powered by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek care when you have symptoms. Symptom triage does not replace a physician evaluation or make a diagnosis.† 1.8.2. Academic Goal Ø To recall and analyse and implement the understanding and concepts learnt in the complete course curriculum through various modules as well as on individual level and implement all of it in order to come out with a complete computing project of industry standard Ø To document and publish the deliverables professionally following the standards followed in industry. 1.9. Objectives of the System 1.9.1. Project Objectives Ø To come up with a complete automation solution for online symptom diagnosis. Ø To keep the design, architecture, implementation flexible so as to allow customization by the system administrator. Ø Optimize information presentation and service interface according to the capability of the device requesting it. Ø To use communication channels apart from HTTP like Email, SMS and WAP for supplying quality information and services to customers and company employees. Ø To ensure that the web is bug free and that it runs equally and efficiently on all browsers and platforms 1.9.2. Academic Objectives Ø The prime objective is to learn nitty-gritties of project management and project development lifecycle, implementing it in developing the system and gaining experience in it. Ø Learn Content Management System (CMS) Ø To learn and apply the various Web Development Methodology and Human Computer Interaction Design Principles to the system design. Ø Web accessibility Ø To learn and master the advance features of PHP, MYSQL and associated technologies. Ø To learn the internal work-flow and procedures that is followed medical diagnosis. 1.10. Success Criteria To determine whether the project is a success or a failure parameters such as the quality of application developed as well as the quality of project documentation will be analysed. The quality of application will include the degree to which requirement was fulfilled, the degree of user-friendliness of the system as well as the ability to run swiftly, consistently and error-freely on multiple browsers. 1.11 Scope and Functionalities of the System Scope limits the project. It defines where in the project the developer should call it stop. It determines to what extent the system will support functionalities and beyond what the system facilitates no feature or functionalities. 1.11.1. Functionalities to be implemented The functionalities to be incorporated into the system which in turn will decide the scope of the system have been classified into 3 categories on the basis of their complexity and exclusiveness. They are:- 1.11.1.1. Core Functionalities:. Ø Symptom checker is an automatic smart software agent that can ask question to patient about their problem and it analysis the problems and diagnosis the debases of the patient Ø Chat Services Patients can text chat with doctor. Ø Forum User can create, post delete thread in forum Ø Messaging User can send message to each other Ø CMS(Content management System) Admin can create update and delete pages. Ø Medicine search engine Doctor can use medicine search engine to know about works of a particular medicine Ø Registration of Doctor And Patient . Ø Patient Can upload his/her medical history. Ø Secure and configurable user access through individual user logins and passwords. Ø Users can change their password. 1.11.1.2. Enhanced Functionalities: Ø Design the virtual doctor using artificial intelligent Ø Video chat service Ø Create user blog Ø Full Mobile based services Ø Full customizing user profiling. 1.11.1.3. Special Functionalities Ø Various tool boxes for doctor BMI Calculator, BRM calculator, Body fat calculator. Ø Voice chat and VoIP 1.11.2. Scope of the Project This projects main aim is to give perfect medical information to the user through internet. It will save time and money of both doctor and patient. The patient who dont have the time to visit the clinic of the doctor for some common issue they can use this system. This kind of system already in market like virtual doctor, WEB MD, Online health, but none of them works on mobile platform. As Smart Medical Diagnosis also works on mobile platform, anyone with wap enable mobile with GPRS, EGDE or 3G can access his web services and get information about medicine and diseases. 1.11.2.1 Scope Limitation Ø Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases is an online application. Without internet this system doesnt work Ø WAP Based mobile not able to display the webpage Ø chat required high speed internet connection Ø Symptom checker may be diagnosis wrong if patient give wrong input Ø Serious medical problems cant be solved using this system Ø Only some common diseases can be diagnosis 1.12. Feasibility Study By the means of feasibility study one can find out if an information system project can be done, and if so, how. A feasibility study should answers the following question: Ø Whether the project can be done; Ø What are alternative solutions? Ø What are the criteria for choosing among them? Ø Is there a preferred alternative? After a feasibility study, a decision is taken on the go ahead/no go of the project. There are a many types of feasibility study that are used for analysis of Information System. In this project the developer has restricted the feasibility study to Technological Feasibility Study and Schedule Feasibility. 1.12.1. Technical Feasibility Study The technical feasibility study compares the level of technology available in the software development firm and the level of technology required for the development of the product. Here the level of technology consists of the programming language, the hardware resources, Other software tools etc. (All About Information Technology) In this project the hardware and software required as the application will be deployed on a apache server, PHP 5.3 With ZEND Framework and mysql 5 Server will not be big ask at present scene. On the Client End the application just requires any current java script enable web browser. 1.12.3. Operational Feasibility Study Operational feasibility study tests the operational scope of the software to be developed. The proposed software must have high operational feasibility. The usability will be high. It is basically used to analyse whether the system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Whether there will be resistance from users that will affect the possible application benefits? Data gathering methods such as questionnaire and interviews have been incorporated in the development plan to ensure all user requirements are collected well in hand to develop the system. We also provide help manual to better understand the tystem. 1.12.3. Schedule Feasibility Study Schedule Feasibility is an assessment whether the project will be able to complete on time. Since the project deadline is fixed i.e. 32 weeks. Each project phase time-line has been established with certain milestones also including some form of deliverables like PPF, PSF and Mid-Point the project-schedule is realistic and well within reach if the established schedule is followed precisely. 1.13. Major Project Deliverables Final Year Project Documentation Page | 18 Draft Proposal PPF Ethical Form PSF log sheet Hard copy Soft copy Final Year Project Documentation Page | 18 Start date: 27th July 2010 Duration: 31 Weeks End date: 20th March 2 Planning (total 18 days) Work Breakdown Structure Schedule and Time Estimation Critical Path Method Interviews Gantt Chart Project Proposal Form Weeks -2.5 3 Analysis (total 49 days) Identify project specifications Project Background Resources required Techniques to be learnt Goals and Objectives Determine System Functionalities Identify scope of research Project Specification Form Investigation ad Research Programming Human Computer Interaction Multimedia Design Principles User requirements Drifting Analysis User Profiling Domain analysis System analysis Risk analysis Weeks -7 4 System Design (Total 49 days) Tasks: Navigational Design Story Boarding Process Diagram Abstract Interface Design Screen layout Content Design Interactivity Design Functionality Design Midpoint Interview Weeks -7 5 Implementation (Total 28 days) Code generation Module Integration Weeks -4 6 Testing and Evaluation (Total 35days) Test Plans Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing Critical Evaluation Weeks -5 7 Project Ending (Total 35days) Submission of the finished product Presentation Weeks -5 2. Problem Description When people are sick, they must make critical decisions about when and where they should receive healthcare. Unfortunately, most people lack the medical knowledge needed to make these decisions safely. Online Smart Diagnosis is powered by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek care when you have symptoms. Symptom triage does not replace a physician evaluation or make a diagnosis. Over the past 12 years, healthcare professionals in the U.S. government and major managed care organizations have used the program extensively, proving its effectiveness. Like FreeMD.com improves medical outcomes by helping consumers determine the most appropriate time and place to receive care from a healthcare professional. (How it Works) With so many options for care today, its becoming more important for you to know where you should get care when you develop symptoms. Choices include: Emergency Room Urgent Care Center Physician Office Physician eVisit (via the web, e-mail, or phone) Dentist Office Nurse Retail Clinic Your choice on where to get care is important because not all of these locations are equipped to treat all health problems. If you make the wrong choice, you risk delaying your diagnosis and treatment. A wrong choice could also lead you to over-pay for the same care you could have received in a less expensive setting. Online Smart Diagnosis was created to safely direct you to the right location: where you get the care you need, without paying more than you need to. Online Smart Diagnosis performs a medical interview, just like a real doctor. During the interview, you answer questions about your symptoms and past medical history. Online Smart Diagnosis is designed to be fast (average encounter time is less than 2 minutes), so you get help fast! At the end of the process, FreeMD.com generates a report that provides the following information: What might be causing your symptoms? When should you see a doctor? Where should you seek care? What kind of doctor should you see? What should you do to care for yourself? There are many palaces in the world where you cant find a single doctor. There are only 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa. Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. In many parts of the world, far too many children and adults are dying unnecessarily from easily treatable diseases. In a world where many of us take basic healthcare for granted, one in six children in Zambia will still not reach the age of five. Too often this problem is simply due to the lack of access to effective primary healthcare. Whether it is the huge distances to health centres and lack of transport, the lack of doctors in many regions, or the simple shortage of resources such as medications, very often easily treatable conditions are left until it is too late. From above information we can say, there is a desperate lack of primary healthcare available to rural communities in many parts of the world due to their geographical isolation, shortage of doctors, and lack of resources. The Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases Project is an innovative new venture that aims to use mobile clinics and internet to save lives. 3. Literature Review Development of successful project starts with a solid and deep Research. Thus, Research will be an on-going process throughout the project. Researches need in every phase let it be planning, user interface designing or anything and especially when you are in process of building comprehensible website. The research area will also consist of the development process model which will be used for the project. Getting good hands on programming languages and mastering back-ends will also be a challenge and research work. For developing this project I am going to flow Web Engineering model. I think this is the best model to make web based project. 3.1. Web Engineering and WebE Process model: As Web-based systems play increasingly important roles in a number of applications, the demands placed on these systems and their complexity have also increased significantly. Also, there is growing need for improved quality, performance and availability of Web-based systems as we are now more dependent on Web-based systems than ever before. But, most Web-based systems are poorly developed in ad hoc manner and hence they exhibit poor performance and are susceptible for major failures. Web-based system development, in most cases, lacks rigour, systematic approach to design, disciplined development process and quality control and assurance procedures. Hence, there is growing concern about the performance, quality, integrity, maintainability and scalability of complex Web based systems. Web engineering advocates a process and a systematic approach to development of high quality Web-based systems and aims to bring the potential chaos in Web-based system development under control and enha nce scalability, maintainability and quality. It is a rapidly emerging as a new discipline for successful development and deployment of large Web-based systems in a range of applications. Web Engineering is an evolving development methodology dedicated to the development of superior Internet and Web Applications. It advocates a standardized process and follows a systematic approach. (S. Murugesan, Y. Deshpande, S. Hansen and A. Ginig, 1999) Web engineering principles and approaches can fix the issues related to web development methodology gaining complete control over the process, minimizing risk and improving the quality and maintainability (Ginige Murugesan, 2000) Web Engineering Activities Successful Web-based system development and deployment is a process, not just an event as currently perceived and practiced by many developers and academics. Web engineering is a holistic approach and deals with all aspects of web-based development, starting from concerting and development to implementation, performance evaluation, and continual maintenance. (Suh, 2005) (Suh, 2005) Web Engineering Development Process: Reasons behind choosing the WebE process model Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases :going to be a web based project and as developer have chosen web engineering model, it would be easy and profitable to follow the process model suggested under the web engineering. The WebE process model is deliberately developed for the web applications and it addresses the specific needs of a web application which differs from the traditional software and is not addressed by the traditional software methodologies, too. Developers system is a web based system and would have a feature that can be looked after only by a dedicated web process model and thats why I found WebE useful. Take time to understand the business needs and product objectives, even if WebApp details are vague. Describe how users will interact with the WebApp using a scenario-based approach Develop a brief project plan. Spend time modeling what you are going to build 3.2 Academic Research Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine is a project where research is going to be very crucial. I have contact with doctor for gathering information. Some of friends who are medical student are going to help in making the database. There are already some system are on the market. From this kind of system I can learn, how I can make this kind of system. Academic Research means extracting information from others hard earned experiences like going through books, journals, paper presentations and other published materials. My project has multidirectional requirements Medical Since this project deals with Medical, patient and so I will need to go through various Medical books so that at least I should have an idea how can I make a virtual medical agent. Patient I have to understand what a patient want from a doctor. What kind of patient should able to use this kind of system? Software Engineering Techniques Web engineering , Mobile WEB technologies Network and Internet Databases there will be a huge use and requirements for databases, since everything will be stored at backend. So I will need a secure, big database Reports generation Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases 1. Introduction 1.1. Present Scenario Internet is the latest and the most powerful innovation of mankind. In present era of internet we used computer technology to solve our many problems. Today in every field we use computer technology from education, business, social networking to order a dinner or health check-up. Nobody knows from when human are start using medicine for cure themselves from illness. Many years ago when uncivilized human are lives in cave, deep forest they used various tree, plants leaves as medicine. They give their knowledge to the next generation. There is no MBBS doctors are available at that time. The anytime anywhere availability of Internet has made a great impact specially in-terms of reaching customers and making themselves aware of ones products base and services. (Roche, 2010) Going back 15 or more years, when hardly anyone had access to the internet; you would have had to go out to find a doctor for solving your health problems. But now, that the internet is available to many people, so people can visit a virtual doctor clinic. In todays modern society we have MBBS doctors, thousands of medicine for thousands of diseases. If we feel sick, we go to the doctors clinic and doctor diagnosis us, then prescribed some medicine and after taking medicine will fine within few days. But if you went out from your city or you go someplace, where you get sick and you dont have any doctor nearby. What you do then? In Africa there is only 1 doctor among 5000 people. Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. There are many places where people are dying because of some common diseases. Just some common medicine can help them. Now if I asked you What if you could visit a doctor, any time of day or night, without leaving your home and that doctor could review your history, diagnose your problem and also give you prescription? Now you are thinking how is it possible? Ok you need just an internet connection and computer and Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases onlinesoftware will do it for you. 1.2. Topic of the Project The Project is titled â€Å"Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases†. It will be a generic software package for a medical clinic. The system will be able to act as a web-based solution for medical symptom checker. It will prove to be asset for both the doctor as well as their patient. 1.3. Targeted Audience Target audience or user is one of the main concerns on how and why a system is been developed, who is going to use this system. The target users of Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine have been categorized into three types. 1.4. Problem Context Internet enthusiastic people want to use internet to solve their medical problems. But there is no good local site that can provide this kind of facility. This kind of website is perfect for them who dont have time to visit a doctors clinic for minor Where doctor is unable, we used this kind of technology to help people. Presently, There are only 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa. Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. In this country this kind of system will help people if it can be implemented. . 1.5. Rationale behind the System The following has highlighted some of the most common benefits of the â€Å"Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine† Because of the existence of the identified problems, there is a need for such project. This project consists of some on-line web application which provides guides to the patient. The system will be using advanced algorithm to design a virtual medical agent. The benefits gained from this project are: User can contact with doctor easily from their home or office. Doctor can easily manage their patient. Patient can gain medical knowledge from using this system. Smart Symptom checker can help patient anytime. 1.5.1. Proposed Solution Ø Patient who have some knowledge of using internet doesnt need to visit to doctor for common diseases life fiver, Pain, stomatitis etc. Ø It also helps community and skilled health workers, supported by automated assessment and treatment protocols, can rapidly expand the delivery of health care in developing countries Ø The spread of mobile phones and web services makes new models of healthcare delivery possible at everyones hand. Ø Proven technology will allow developing countries to leapfrog the knowledge gap between doctors and patients Ø User can learn about healthcare tasks from this system. Ø Doctor doesnt need to remember all the name of medicine and their purpose. Doctor can find details of a medicine just a click of a search button. Ø Ground-breaking but proven technology allows rapid development, review, and updating of complex automated guidelines by medical professionals without it intervention. 1.6. Benefits of the System Development and Implementation of such a system will bring in a lot of benefits for the business, its employees and its customers (both current and potential). These benefits can be classified into Tangible and Intangible which are discussed in details below:- Ø The system help doctor to make faster diagnosis. Ø Using medicine search engine doctor can get any medicine information with in a second. Ø Various medical tools like BMI calculator, symptom checker etc. will help doctor as well as patient to solve their problems easily. Ø System administrator can easily manage the system using content management system. Ø The system will use roles and permission levels, to maintain confidentiality of private data of administrator, doctor and patient. Ø Patient can use chat services to chat with doctor. Ø The presence of certain services offered by the system on the mobile web will also ensure that the system can be accessed from anywhere anytime. 1.7. Challenges Involved Developing a system such as this will involve a host of challenges for the developer. The major challenges can be classified under:- 1.7.1. Domain Challenges: Ø Data Gathering and Domain Analysis: Due to the developers unfamiliarity with the work-flow and the processes followed in the online Symptom Checker it will become a challenging task to develop awareness about the medical service domain. Ø Implementation of Customizability: The biggest challenge of developing a system like this is its implementation itself. There is high percentage of risk involved in development and implementation of a system like this. The main challenge is to understand the base concepts involved in designing and developing Smart Medical Diagnosis. The developer will also need to follow a modular and object oriented approach in developing this system for enhancing reusability, abstraction, encapsulation and polymorphism. Ø Content Management System (CMS): Understanding and Implementing a CMS integrated with a system like this will require the developer to design the complex architecture of the system in prior so that his/her concepts are clear regarding the control flow of the system and no module infringes each other. This will also require him/her to study existing CMS such as Joomla and Drupal and understand their architecture and working. Ø Database Designing and Normalization: Designing a database for a generic customizable system like this is challenge in itself. The fields and data types of the table along with the tables itself are not fixed or pre-defined. The developer needs to code keeping in mind user customization may need to create these database objects dynamically and hence needs to keep a scope for their creation and modification. Apart from this, there needs to be a big centralized database, which is capable of storing large amount of data and about a large number of entities. The relation between these large numbers of entities will be needed to be figure out and a complex normalization has to be implemented in designing a database like this. Ø Implementation of 3-Tier Architecture: In order to enhance scalability, performance, reliability and robustness of this system, the developer will need to implement 3-Tier architecture for developing this system which is a challenging task keeping in mind the size and complexity of the systems database. Ø Algorithm for Customizing the site and Symptom Checker: The developer will require to showcase solid understanding for logics and algorithms in order to develop the module where the administrative users can add or edit new pages, new symptom option where he/she will be able to add its name description along with the algorithm that will be followed for generating a definite result. 1.7.2. Technical Challenges: PHP: The system will require the developer to use advanced PHP functionalities like Personalization, Forum, Blog and Emailing which will be used in various modules of this system. Develop a PHP base application is harder as compare to develop same application in ASP.NET using visual studio. Visual studio generates code for you debug for you and its also save time. But PHP is challenge as compare to asp.net. Cause PHP doesnt have any IDE and very code you need to write it down in a text editor. Finding an error is also a head ace. But for learning purpose PHP is great. Thats the reason I chose PHP as main web development language. Web Based system: Making an interactive web based system is difficult. Implement a dynamic web site is harder than making a desktop application. We need to take care of network, client server, band width to make project successful. AJAX and JavaScript / jQuery: For designing an intuitive and dynamic interface so that users have a rich experience availing features like data entry assistance, error prevention, etc. The developer needs to have in depth knowledge of AJAX as well as JavaScript or jQuery. Implementation of AJAX is not easy task for a developer who is new to web development. I just know little PHP and HTML. It will be a challenge for me to implement Ajax in this project. AJAX makes web application fell like a desktop application. CSS: Most people who are new in web development cant able to understand how to lay out a page. They just try to drug and drop div, table using Dreamweaver or any HTML design tools with underrating the advanced concept of CSS. And ended up with Advanced Database Concepts with MYSQL: For designing such a complex database that the system requires the developer needs to have a concrete understanding of database concepts like Normalization, Query Optimization, Views, and Permissions. He/she should also require familiarity with MYSQL. MOBILE OPTIMIZATING : For optimizing the web application for mobile phones and handheld devices the developer needs to have extensive skills in WML, mobile web as well as an understanding of how to integrate WML with server side scripting technologies 1.8. Goals behind developing the System 1.8.1. Project goal â€Å"When people are sick, they must make critical decisions about when and where they should receive healthcare. Unfortunately, most people lack the medical knowledge needed to make these decisions safely. Online smart diagnosis is powered by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek care when you have symptoms. Symptom triage does not replace a physician evaluation or make a diagnosis.† 1.8.2. Academic Goal Ø To recall and analyse and implement the understanding and concepts learnt in the complete course curriculum through various modules as well as on individual level and implement all of it in order to come out with a complete computing project of industry standard Ø To document and publish the deliverables professionally following the standards followed in industry. 1.9. Objectives of the System 1.9.1. Project Objectives Ø To come up with a complete automation solution for online symptom diagnosis. Ø To keep the design, architecture, implementation flexible so as to allow customization by the system administrator. Ø Optimize information presentation and service interface according to the capability of the device requesting it. Ø To use communication channels apart from HTTP like Email, SMS and WAP for supplying quality information and services to customers and company employees. Ø To ensure that the web is bug free and that it runs equally and efficiently on all browsers and platforms 1.9.2. Academic Objectives Ø The prime objective is to learn nitty-gritties of project management and project development lifecycle, implementing it in developing the system and gaining experience in it. Ø Learn Content Management System (CMS) Ø To learn and apply the various Web Development Methodology and Human Computer Interaction Design Principles to the system design. Ø Web accessibility Ø To learn and master the advance features of PHP, MYSQL and associated technologies. Ø To learn the internal work-flow and procedures that is followed medical diagnosis. 1.10. Success Criteria To determine whether the project is a success or a failure parameters such as the quality of application developed as well as the quality of project documentation will be analysed. The quality of application will include the degree to which requirement was fulfilled, the degree of user-friendliness of the system as well as the ability to run swiftly, consistently and error-freely on multiple browsers. 1.11 Scope and Functionalities of the System Scope limits the project. It defines where in the project the developer should call it stop. It determines to what extent the system will support functionalities and beyond what the system facilitates no feature or functionalities. 1.11.1. Functionalities to be implemented The functionalities to be incorporated into the system which in turn will decide the scope of the system have been classified into 3 categories on the basis of their complexity and exclusiveness. They are:- 1.11.1.1. Core Functionalities:. Ø Symptom checker is an automatic smart software agent that can ask question to patient about their problem and it analysis the problems and diagnosis the debases of the patient Ø Chat Services Patients can text chat with doctor. Ø Forum User can create, post delete thread in forum Ø Messaging User can send message to each other Ø CMS(Content management System) Admin can create update and delete pages. Ø Medicine search engine Doctor can use medicine search engine to know about works of a particular medicine Ø Registration of Doctor And Patient . Ø Patient Can upload his/her medical history. Ø Secure and configurable user access through individual user logins and passwords. Ø Users can change their password. 1.11.1.2. Enhanced Functionalities: Ø Design the virtual doctor using artificial intelligent Ø Video chat service Ø Create user blog Ø Full Mobile based services Ø Full customizing user profiling. 1.11.1.3. Special Functionalities Ø Various tool boxes for doctor BMI Calculator, BRM calculator, Body fat calculator. Ø Voice chat and VoIP 1.11.2. Scope of the Project This projects main aim is to give perfect medical information to the user through internet. It will save time and money of both doctor and patient. The patient who dont have the time to visit the clinic of the doctor for some common issue they can use this system. This kind of system already in market like virtual doctor, WEB MD, Online health, but none of them works on mobile platform. As Smart Medical Diagnosis also works on mobile platform, anyone with wap enable mobile with GPRS, EGDE or 3G can access his web services and get information about medicine and diseases. 1.11.2.1 Scope Limitation Ø Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases is an online application. Without internet this system doesnt work Ø WAP Based mobile not able to display the webpage Ø chat required high speed internet connection Ø Symptom checker may be diagnosis wrong if patient give wrong input Ø Serious medical problems cant be solved using this system Ø Only some common diseases can be diagnosis 1.12. Feasibility Study By the means of feasibility study one can find out if an information system project can be done, and if so, how. A feasibility study should answers the following question: Ø Whether the project can be done; Ø What are alternative solutions? Ø What are the criteria for choosing among them? Ø Is there a preferred alternative? After a feasibility study, a decision is taken on the go ahead/no go of the project. There are a many types of feasibility study that are used for analysis of Information System. In this project the developer has restricted the feasibility study to Technological Feasibility Study and Schedule Feasibility. 1.12.1. Technical Feasibility Study The technical feasibility study compares the level of technology available in the software development firm and the level of technology required for the development of the product. Here the level of technology consists of the programming language, the hardware resources, Other software tools etc. (All About Information Technology) In this project the hardware and software required as the application will be deployed on a apache server, PHP 5.3 With ZEND Framework and mysql 5 Server will not be big ask at present scene. On the Client End the application just requires any current java script enable web browser. 1.12.3. Operational Feasibility Study Operational feasibility study tests the operational scope of the software to be developed. The proposed software must have high operational feasibility. The usability will be high. It is basically used to analyse whether the system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Whether there will be resistance from users that will affect the possible application benefits? Data gathering methods such as questionnaire and interviews have been incorporated in the development plan to ensure all user requirements are collected well in hand to develop the system. We also provide help manual to better understand the tystem. 1.12.3. Schedule Feasibility Study Schedule Feasibility is an assessment whether the project will be able to complete on time. Since the project deadline is fixed i.e. 32 weeks. Each project phase time-line has been established with certain milestones also including some form of deliverables like PPF, PSF and Mid-Point the project-schedule is realistic and well within reach if the established schedule is followed precisely. 1.13. Major Project Deliverables Final Year Project Documentation Page | 18 Draft Proposal PPF Ethical Form PSF log sheet Hard copy Soft copy Final Year Project Documentation Page | 18 Start date: 27th July 2010 Duration: 31 Weeks End date: 20th March 2 Planning (total 18 days) Work Breakdown Structure Schedule and Time Estimation Critical Path Method Interviews Gantt Chart Project Proposal Form Weeks -2.5 3 Analysis (total 49 days) Identify project specifications Project Background Resources required Techniques to be learnt Goals and Objectives Determine System Functionalities Identify scope of research Project Specification Form Investigation ad Research Programming Human Computer Interaction Multimedia Design Principles User requirements Drifting Analysis User Profiling Domain analysis System analysis Risk analysis Weeks -7 4 System Design (Total 49 days) Tasks: Navigational Design Story Boarding Process Diagram Abstract Interface Design Screen layout Content Design Interactivity Design Functionality Design Midpoint Interview Weeks -7 5 Implementation (Total 28 days) Code generation Module Integration Weeks -4 6 Testing and Evaluation (Total 35days) Test Plans Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing Critical Evaluation Weeks -5 7 Project Ending (Total 35days) Submission of the finished product Presentation Weeks -5 2. Problem Description When people are sick, they must make critical decisions about when and where they should receive healthcare. Unfortunately, most people lack the medical knowledge needed to make these decisions safely. Online Smart Diagnosis is powered by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek care when you have symptoms. Symptom triage does not replace a physician evaluation or make a diagnosis. Over the past 12 years, healthcare professionals in the U.S. government and major managed care organizations have used the program extensively, proving its effectiveness. Like FreeMD.com improves medical outcomes by helping consumers determine the most appropriate time and place to receive care from a healthcare professional. (How it Works) With so many options for care today, its becoming more important for you to know where you should get care when you develop symptoms. Choices include: Emergency Room Urgent Care Center Physician Office Physician eVisit (via the web, e-mail, or phone) Dentist Office Nurse Retail Clinic Your choice on where to get care is important because not all of these locations are equipped to treat all health problems. If you make the wrong choice, you risk delaying your diagnosis and treatment. A wrong choice could also lead you to over-pay for the same care you could have received in a less expensive setting. Online Smart Diagnosis was created to safely direct you to the right location: where you get the care you need, without paying more than you need to. Online Smart Diagnosis performs a medical interview, just like a real doctor. During the interview, you answer questions about your symptoms and past medical history. Online Smart Diagnosis is designed to be fast (average encounter time is less than 2 minutes), so you get help fast! At the end of the process, FreeMD.com generates a report that provides the following information: What might be causing your symptoms? When should you see a doctor? Where should you seek care? What kind of doctor should you see? What should you do to care for yourself? There are many palaces in the world where you cant find a single doctor. There are only 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa. Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. In many parts of the world, far too many children and adults are dying unnecessarily from easily treatable diseases. In a world where many of us take basic healthcare for granted, one in six children in Zambia will still not reach the age of five. Too often this problem is simply due to the lack of access to effective primary healthcare. Whether it is the huge distances to health centres and lack of transport, the lack of doctors in many regions, or the simple shortage of resources such as medications, very often easily treatable conditions are left until it is too late. From above information we can say, there is a desperate lack of primary healthcare available to rural communities in many parts of the world due to their geographical isolation, shortage of doctors, and lack of resources. The Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases Project is an innovative new venture that aims to use mobile clinics and internet to save lives. 3. Literature Review Development of successful project starts with a solid and deep Research. Thus, Research will be an on-going process throughout the project. Researches need in every phase let it be planning, user interface designing or anything and especially when you are in process of building comprehensible website. The research area will also consist of the development process model which will be used for the project. Getting good hands on programming languages and mastering back-ends will also be a challenge and research work. For developing this project I am going to flow Web Engineering model. I think this is the best model to make web based project. 3.1. Web Engineering and WebE Process model: As Web-based systems play increasingly important roles in a number of applications, the demands placed on these systems and their complexity have also increased significantly. Also, there is growing need for improved quality, performance and availability of Web-based systems as we are now more dependent on Web-based systems than ever before. But, most Web-based systems are poorly developed in ad hoc manner and hence they exhibit poor performance and are susceptible for major failures. Web-based system development, in most cases, lacks rigour, systematic approach to design, disciplined development process and quality control and assurance procedures. Hence, there is growing concern about the performance, quality, integrity, maintainability and scalability of complex Web based systems. Web engineering advocates a process and a systematic approach to development of high quality Web-based systems and aims to bring the potential chaos in Web-based system development under control and enha nce scalability, maintainability and quality. It is a rapidly emerging as a new discipline for successful development and deployment of large Web-based systems in a range of applications. Web Engineering is an evolving development methodology dedicated to the development of superior Internet and Web Applications. It advocates a standardized process and follows a systematic approach. (S. Murugesan, Y. Deshpande, S. Hansen and A. Ginig, 1999) Web engineering principles and approaches can fix the issues related to web development methodology gaining complete control over the process, minimizing risk and improving the quality and maintainability (Ginige Murugesan, 2000) Web Engineering Activities Successful Web-based system development and deployment is a process, not just an event as currently perceived and practiced by many developers and academics. Web engineering is a holistic approach and deals with all aspects of web-based development, starting from concerting and development to implementation, performance evaluation, and continual maintenance. (Suh, 2005) (Suh, 2005) Web Engineering Development Process: Reasons behind choosing the WebE process model Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases :going to be a web based project and as developer have chosen web engineering model, it would be easy and profitable to follow the process model suggested under the web engineering. The WebE process model is deliberately developed for the web applications and it addresses the specific needs of a web application which differs from the traditional software and is not addressed by the traditional software methodologies, too. Developers system is a web based system and would have a feature that can be looked after only by a dedicated web process model and thats why I found WebE useful. Take time to understand the business needs and product objectives, even if WebApp details are vague. Describe how users will interact with the WebApp using a scenario-based approach Develop a brief project plan. Spend time modeling what you are going to build 3.2 Academic Research Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine is a project where research is going to be very crucial. I have contact with doctor for gathering information. Some of friends who are medical student are going to help in making the database. There are already some system are on the market. From this kind of system I can learn, how I can make this kind of system. Academic Research means extracting information from others hard earned experiences like going through books, journals, paper presentations and other published materials. My project has multidirectional requirements Medical Since this project deals with Medical, patient and so I will need to go through various Medical books so that at least I should have an idea how can I make a virtual medical agent. Patient I have to understand what a patient want from a doctor. What kind of patient should able to use this kind of system? Software Engineering Techniques Web engineering , Mobile WEB technologies Network and Internet Databases there will be a huge use and requirements for databases, since everything will be stored at backend. So I will need a secure, big database Reports generation